Economic models suggest that in many cases, market leakage rates of greenhouse gas abatement reach the two-digit percentage range. Consequently, the Marrakesh Accords require Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects to account for leakage. Despite this, most project proponents neglect market leakage for their project, because the influence of an individual project on market prices seems to be...

BACKGROUND The major complications arising from vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty are related to leakage of cement beyond the confines of the collapsed vertebral body. Traditionally, a liquid (low viscosity) cement is used in most vertebroplasty systems available on the market, coupled with mechanical injection devices or one mL syringes. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to evaluate the fe...

1) Introduction Recent systems are built of MOSFET transistors. Here, MO stands for metal oxide and FE for field effect. This means, that – in contrast to bipolar transistors – the gate is isolated by a metal oxide (today SiO2) and the channel is just controlled by the field through this oxide. Thus theoretically, the principal of MOSFET devices is that there is no current flowing through the g...