In this letter, we analyze the amplify-and-forward (AF) two-way cooperative relaying scheme with regard to the average data transmission rate and the symbol error probability. By investigating the Moment-Generating function (MGF) and the k-th moment of “extraharmonic” mean of two variables, we derive an exact closed-form expression for the symbol error probability (SEP) and the approximate aver...

Glycoscience—the study of the complex carbohydrates on the surface of proteins and lipids—has long been the neglected stepchild of molecular biology. Although genomics, proteomics and now systems biology have become hot topics of biomedical research, attracting both researchers and funding, glycoscience has played a rather minor role. Once of little interest to understanding biology on a larger...

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-021-01261-9.

in this paper, first a great number of inverse problems which arise in instrumentation, in computer imaging systems and in computer vision are presented. then a common general forward modeling for them is given and the corresponding inversion problem is presented. then, after showing the inadequacy of the classical analytical and least square methods for these ill posed inverse problems, a baye...