BACKGROUND Despite major advances in pharmacological treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF), a number of patients still suffer from dyspnoea, fatigue, diminished exercise capacity and poor quality of life. It is in this context that exercise training is being intensively evaluated for any additional benefit in the treatment of CHF. AIMS To determine the effect of exercise training in patien...

It is demonstrated, that the bioenergetic model combined with the mathematical constraints determined by the experimental knowledge of the aerobic metabolism and the Lohmann reaction dictates the exact lactate (La)-time relationship during exercise. The theory predicts that La is necessarily produced (above the resting baseline), even during extremely low work loads, where the metabolism was us...

BACKGROUND In order to achieve world-class performances, regular performance diagnostics is required as an essential prerequisite for guiding high performance sport. In high performance swimming, the lactate performance diagnostic is an important instrument in testing the sport specific endurance capacity. Although the role of lactate as a signaling molecule, fuel and a gluconeogenic substrate ...

BACKGROUND Cardiac remodeling occurs in response to regular athletic training, and the degree of remodeling is associated with fitness. Understanding the myocardial structural changes in athlete's heart is important to develop tools that differentiate athletic from cardiomyopathic change. We hypothesized that athletic left ventricular hypertrophy is a consequence of increased myocardial cellula...

During exercise, ventilation for a given work rate is increased in pulmonary hypertension. In the present editorial a new look at the ventilatory behaviour, which may change the common approach to VE/VCO2 relationship analysis, is presented. The behaviour of ventilation (VE) in a ramp protocol exercise test is peculiar, and it implies relevant physiological information. In a healthy individual,...

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a microbiologically coordinated process with dynamic relationships between bacterial players. Current understanding of dynamic changes in the bacterial composition during the AD process is incomplete. The objective of this research was to assess changes in bacterial community composition that coordinates with anaerobic codigestion of microalgal biomass cultivated on ...

The aim of the study was to assess changes in the anaerobic threshold of young soccer players in an annual training cycle. A group of highly trained 15-18 year old players of KKS Lech Poznań were tested. The tests included an annual training macrocycle, and its individual stages resulted from the time structure of the sports training. In order to assess the level of exercise capacities of the p...

Since a 1997 review by Karageorghis and Terry, which highlighted the state of knowledge and methodological weaknesses, the number of studies investigating musical reactivity in relation to exercise has swelled considerably. In this two-part review paper, the development of conceptual approaches and mechanisms underlying the effects of music are explicated (Part I), followed by a critical review...

Several methods are used for estimating the anaerobic threshold (AT) during exercise. The aim of the present study was to compare AT values based on blood lactate measurements with those obtained from computerised calculations of different respiratory gas indices. Twelve healthy, well-trained men performed a stepwise incremental test on both treadmill and cycle ergometer. Respiratory gases were...

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a widespread microbial technology used to treat organic waste and recover energy in the form of methane ("biogas"). While most AD systems have been designed to treat a single input, mixtures of digester sludge and solid organic waste are emerging as a means to improve efficiency and methane yield. We examined laboratory anaerobic cultures of AD sludge from two source...