Abstract Through a detailed analysis of Xenophon's defence against charge for hybris among the Ten Thousand, this paper discusses violence, reputation and hierarchy in Greek military social contexts. Contrary to other recent treatments episode, study highlights centrality honour/shame dynamics desert establishing upholding order, showing that these notions are found consistently numerous exampl...

Burrow-dwelling rodents are often considered ecosystem engineer species in arid environments. They create distinct habitat patches by building burrows: they move large amounts of soil, mix soil layers and change properties locally. Our aim was to explore the role Steppe Marmot as an shaping plant composition diversity steppes. First, we made a literature search gather information on engineering...

Recent linyphiid collections from Laos as well as some additional specimens from Thailand and West Malaysia are examined. Six species and two genera are described as new to science: Bathyphantes paracymbialis n. sp., Nematogmus asiaticus n. sp., Theoa hamata n. sp.; Asiagone n. gen. is erected for Asiagone signifera n. sp. (type species) and A. perforata n. sp.; Laogone n. gen. is established f...

Enclosure is commonly used in the restoration of degraded grasslands. However, effects enclosure on grassland plant and soil remain controversial, particularly deserts. To assess desert plants properties, using high throughput sequencing, differences between were systematically analyzed before after construction. The organic carbon, total nitrogen phosphorus contents three flora increased decre...

The article presents the phytocenotic characteristics of Kalidium capsicum, Halocnemum strobilaceum pasture variety (PV), which is a part type. described type widespread in central Karakalpak Ustyurt. on wet and plump salt marshes, with Haloxylon ammodendron, H. gypsum participation Reaumuria songarica, caspicum cones temporary watercourses combination Anabasis salsa located Kungrad district, g...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the species-environment relationships in arid and semi-arid rangelandsof Nodushan, Yazd. The plant species cover and the environmental variables were measured at 9 sites. Soil sampleswere taken for measurement of 12 attributes in 0-10 cm and 10-80 cm layers. Vegetation was classified using twowayindicator species analysis (TWINSPAN). Data was analyzed u...