Amylin is a 37-amino acid peptide hormone, discovered in 1987, which is co-located and co-secreted with insulin by the pancreatic beta-cells in response to nutrient stimuli. Like insulin, there is a deficiency of amylin in people with type 1 diabetes, while the changes in plasma amylin concentrations in people with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes parallel those of insulin. It is ...

OBJECTIVE Amylin interacts with leptin to alter metabolism. We evaluated, for the first time, amylin- and/or leptin-activated signaling pathways in human peripheral tissues (hPTs). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Leptin and amylin signaling studies were performed in vitro in human primary adipocytes (hPAs) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) and ex vivo in human adipose tissue (...

Amylin and adrenomedullin are related peptides with some homology to both calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). All these peptides have in common a 6-amino acid ring structure at the amino-terminus created by a disulfide bond. In addition, the carboxy-termini are amidated. Both amylin and adrenomedullin have recently been found to stimulate the proliferation of osteoblasts in v...

The ability of amylin to inhibit gastric emptying and glucagon secretion in rats is reduced under hypoglycemic conditions. These effects are considered part a fail-safe mechanism that prevents from further decreasing nutrient supply when blood glucose levels low. Because these actions amylin-induced satiation mediated by the area postrema (AP), it plausible phenomena based on co-sensitivity AP ...

BACKGROUND Plasma amylin is positively associated with cognitive function in humans. Amylin treatment improves memory in Alzheimer's mouse models. However, the relationship between plasma amylin, diabetes and cognition is not clear. OBJECTIVES In this study we examined the concentration of plasma amylin, its relationship with diabetes and cognition. MATERIAL AND METHOD A cross-sectional, ho...

Selectively bred diet-induced obese (DIO) rats become obese on a high-fat diet and are leptin resistant before becoming obese. Compared with diet-resistant (DR) neonates, DIO neonates have impaired leptin-dependent arcuate (ARC) neuropeptide Y/agouti-related peptide (NPY/AgRP) and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH; from proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons) axon outgrowth to the paraventric...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in the brain regions that subserve memory and cognition. The amylin receptor is a potential target receptor for expression of the deleterious actions of soluble oligomeric Aβ species. We investigated whether the amylin receptor antagonist, AC253, neutralizes the depressant effects of Aβ(1-42) and human amylin on...

How meals become bones mylin, a hormone produced along with insulin after food intake, is vital for strengthening bones, according to Dacquin et al. (page 509). A lack of amylin production in type I (autoimmune) diabetics may explain the prominent bone loss in these individuals—a problem that amylin replacement therapy may alleviate. When food is short, strengthening bone may not be the body's ...

PURPOSE Amylin secretion is increased parallel to insulin in obese subjects. Despite their marked obesity, a state of relative hypoinsulinemia occurs in children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Based on the hypothesis that amylin levels may be relatively low in PWS children, contributing to their excessive appetite, we studied amylin levels after oral glucose loading in children with PWS and ...

Human Amylin, or islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP), is a small hormone secreted by pancreatic β-cells that forms aggregates under insulin deficiency metabolic conditions, and it constitutes a pathological hallmark of type II diabetes mellitus. In type II diabetes patients, amylin is abnormally increased, self-assembled into amyloid aggregates, and ultimately contributes to the apoptotic death o...