This paper aims to examine the African-American identity in Toni Morrison’s Beloved (1987). The novel emphasizes painful aspects of slavery such as sexual abuse and violence explores effects institution on character’s identity. also addresses what it means have a name be free. does not believe individuality. Naming is significant since identifies character. An analysis will studied characters w...

Over the past four decades, scholars from diverse disciplines have consistently emphasized the role of sport in expressing, reflecting, or producing national sentiments (Abell et al., 2007; Bairner, 2001; Ehn, 1989; Gibbons, 2011; MacClancy, 1996; Marks, 1998; Solis, 1996; Sorek, 2007; Tuastad, 1997; van Hilvoorde et al., 2010). Both sport and national identity, however, are “contested racial t...

OBJECTIVES To study the aging self, that is, conceptions of one's own aging process, in relation to identity processes and self-esteem in the United States and the Netherlands. As the liberal American system has a stronger emphasis on individual responsibility and youthfulness than the social-democratic Dutch system, we expect that youthful and positive perceptions of one's own aging process ar...

Despite current interest in the multi-dimensionality of culture and ethnicity there are few studies that have explored the role of discrimination with ethnocultural variables. In this study social identity theory was used as a framework to test the relation between discrimination and components of ethnic identity, and attitudes towards out-groups. A school-based survey in a large south-west met...

Immigration has become a new phenomenon in Spanish society during the last years. In 2007, immigrants represented around 10% of total population, with 35% coming from Latin-American countries. When immigrants arrive, they bring their own values and cultural symbols, which, essentially, are different from those of the indigenous population. As time goes through, two alternative processes are obs...

Adam J. Hoffman: A Longitudinal Examination of Race Centrality in African American Youth and Parents (Under the direction of Beth Kurtz-Costes) For most African Americans, racial identity is an important aspect of their individual identity. Racial centrality, a dimension of racial identity, is protective of psychosocial well-being among African Americans. The current study explored the stabilit...

Variability in adolescent-friend similarity is documented in a diverse sample of African American, Asian American, and European American adolescents. Similarity was greatest for substance use, modest for academic orientations, and low for ethnic identity. Compared with Asian American and European American adolescents, African American adolescents chose friends who were less similar with respect...