Background: As suggested by the Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs) theory, educational attainment shows a weaker protective effect for racial and ethnic minority groups compared to non-Hispanic Whites. This pattern, however, is never shown for hospitalization risk. Objectives: This cross-sectional study explored racial and ethnic variations in the asso...

Blacks have a disproportionately higher risk and earlier onset of heart failure (HF) and cardiovascular mortality, relative to the overall American population. A prime contributor to this racial disparity is a higher prevalence and earlier onset of cardiometabolic disease, including obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and physical inactivity. Professional guidelines reinforcing ideal card...

PROBLEM/CONDITION In the United States, disparities in risks for chronic disease (e.g., diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer) and injury exist among racial and ethnic groups. This report summarizes findings from the 1997 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) of the distribution of access to health care, health-status indicators, health-risk behaviors, and use of clinical pr...

Recent reports by ethnographic researchers and media sources suggest that many African American students view academic success as a form of "acting white," and that peer pressure reduces their level of effort and performance. This article analyzes the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 to answer three questions: (1) do blacks experience greater alienation toward school than non-Hispa...

Social identities prescribe behaviors for people. We identify the marginal behavioral effect of these norms on discount rates and risk aversion by measuring how laboratory subjects' choices change when an aspect of social identity is made salient. When we make ethnic identity salient to Asian-American subjects, they make more patient choices. When we make racial identity salient to black subjec...

Workers in rural areas earn lower wages than nonrural workers and previous evidence has attributed these differences to lower returns to worker characteristics. This paper builds on that data by examining racial and gender differences within the broader group of rural workers. While there is extensive evidence on both the structure of wages and the source of racial wage differentials between Wh...

BACKGROUND The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale is one of the most widely used tools to measure depressive symptoms in epidemiological studies. Given the importance of cross-racial measurement equivalence of the CES-D scale for research, we performed confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the 12-item CES-D in a nationally representative sample of Black and White adults i...

OBJECTIVE To compare the racial/ethnic variation in United States prediabetes prevalence estimates for alternative prediabetes definitions currently approved by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) across 20 years and in detailed multivariate comparisons. DESIGN Using nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 1988-2008, we compared trends...

This article address the racialization phenomenon of African population and their descendants, born in America from a socio-historical perspective; including: kidnapping, transfer slavery American continent during colonial period. Also construction imaginaries narratives that allowed exploitation, favored rejection resistance to abolition slavery, excluded black process emerging Latin Nation-St...