This paper considers control of the aluminum reduction process, using a dynamic model developed from the literature and Virtpot, a model developed at Kaiser Aluminum. Analysis shows the process is controllable and observable, but not easily stabilizable using only one input, and that short-term changes in measured voltage result primarily from changes in alumina concentration rather than anode-...

background: entry of untreated wastewater of wool scouring factories has been associated with many environmental hazards because of high rate of pollution. presently effective treatment methods and reducing the costs of operation and maintenance from treatment units have always been under the attention of this industry owners. the aim of this survey is to present a suitable method for the treat...

Approximately 100 billion aluminum cans are produced annually, mainly for the beverage industry. Early technologies for decorating the cans often used solvent-based coatings containing solvents at concentrations of -70% to 75% by volume (Randall 1992). The solvent composition was typically a mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatics, ethers, cellosolves, and acetates. Unfortunately, this met...

A grinding force model is developed to predict the forces during the face grinding of cast iron and aluminum alloy 319. Design of experiments methods are used to create a response surface of four process parameters: feed rate, inclination angle of the grinding wheel profile, offset angle between the grinding wheel and the workpiece, and the peripheral speed of the wheel. For each material, thre...

The use of aluminum alloys are of significant use in industry. Studying of design parameters of such products is important as not much work has been done for optimizing it. The generic formulation involves the flow, velocity, continuity fluid dynamics and shape related issues. The time for filling the mould and shape factor also play major role in performance of the casting process. In this pap...

One of the major aims of the modern materials foundry industry is the achievement of advanced mechanical properties of metals, especially of light non-ferrous alloys such as aluminum. Usually an alloying process is applied to obtain the required properties of aluminum alloys. However, the presented work describes an alternative approach through the application of vibration treatment, modificati...

Zeolites and amorphous silica-alumina (ASA), which both provide Brønsted acid sites (BASs), are the most extensively used solid acid catalysts in the chemical industry. It is widely believed that BASs consist only of tetra-coordinated aluminum sites (AlIV) with bridging OH groups in zeolites or nearby silanols on ASA surfaces. Here we report the direct observation in ASA of a new type of BAS ba...

Rapid inspection of aircraft structures for flaws is of vital importance to the commercial and defense aircraft industry. In particular, inspecting thin aluminum structures for flaws is the focus of a large scale R&D effort in the nondestructive evaluation (NDE) community. Traditional eddy current methods used today are effective, but require long inspection times. New electromagnetic technique...