Aluminum oxyhydroxide (alum) is a crystalline compound widely used as an immunological adjuvant of vaccines. Concerns linked to the use of alum particles emerged following recognition of their causative role in the so-called macrophagic myofasciitis (MMF) lesion detected in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue/syndrome. MMF revealed an unexpectedly long-lasting biopersistence...

Since at least Roman times, salts of aluminum have been added to drinking water and surface water to reduce turbidity and improve appearance. Aluminum sulfate, Al2(SO4)3, commonly called alum, has been used extensively as a flocculating agent in the treatment of wastewater for over 100 years. In 1970, Jernelov was apparently the first to use alum to remove phosphorus from the water column of a ...

The efficacy of a vaccine is generally dependent on an adjuvant, which enhances the immune functions and alum has been widely used in human immunization. Alum activates the intracellular stress sensors inflammasomes, but whether these are responsible for the adjuvanticity is controversial. The objectives of this investigation were to examine the hypothesis that alum-mediated adjuvanticity is a ...

OBJECTIVES Many types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been identified, with some leading to cancer and others to skin lesions such as anogenital warts. Studies have demonstrated an association between oncogenic HPV and cervical cancer and many researchers have focused on therapeutic vaccines development. At present, the modulatory effect of opioids on the innate and acquired immune system...

BACKGROUND Aluminum oxyhydroxide (alum) is a crystalline compound widely used as an immunologic adjuvant of vaccines. Concerns linked to alum particles have emerged following recognition of their causative role in the so-called macrophagic myofasciitis (MMF) lesion in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis, revealing an unexpectedly long-lasting biopersistence of alum within immune cells and a...

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease resulting in insulin deficiency as a result of autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Preserving β-cell function in patients with T1D would be of great benefit since patients with sustained endogenous insulin secretion are known to suffer less from secondary complications due to hyperglycemia. Glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) is a majo...

Alum (aluminum hydroxide) is the most widely used adjuvant in human vaccines, but the mechanism of its adjuvanticity remains unknown. In vitro studies showed no stimulatory effects on dendritic cells (DCs). In the absence of adjuvant, Ag was taken up by lymph node (LN)-resident DCs that acquired soluble Ag via afferent lymphatics, whereas after injection of alum, Ag was taken up, processed, and...

The effectiveness of alum (aluminum sulfate) in reducing the concentrations of potential pollutants in pond effluents was investigated in catfish production ponds. Application of alum at 50 mg/l to water remaining in ponds immediately after seining for harvest did not generally result in significantly greater removal of nutrients and solids than did settling alone, although removal rates of som...