The phenomenon of ageing structures has focused attention on the problem of multiple-site damage (MSD) and wide spread fatigue damage (WFD). In isolation each ̄aw or crack may be safe. However, the cumulative e€ect of multiple, interacting cracks may signi®cantly degrade the damage tolerance of the structure. This paper presents an overview of a new ®nite element alternating technique algorithm...

Abstract—Rotary draw bending is a method which is being used in tube forming. In the tube bending process, the neutral axis moves towards the inner arc and the wall thickness distribution changes for tube’s cross section. Thinning takes place in the outer arc of the tube (extrados) due to the stretching of the material, whereas thickening occurs in the inner arc of the tube (intrados) due to th...

We introduce dielectric elliptical photonic nanowires to funnel efficiently the spontaneous emission of an embedded emitter into a single optical mode. Inside a wire with a moderate lateral aspect ratio, the electromagnetic environment is largely dominated by a single guided mode, with a linear polarization oriented along the ellipse major axis. The resulting monomode spontaneous emission is ma...

A novel, chemical-etching technique produces very high throughput, polarization-maintaining probes for near-field, scanning, optical microscopy (NSOM). The process includes coating the tips with aluminum and forming the apertures with a focused ion beam (FIB). The elliptical core fibers used resulted in elliptical apertures for the probes. The throughput of the probes depends on the incident po...

This paper presents a three-dimensional numerical and experimental geometric optimization study to maximize the total heat transfer rate between a bundle of finned tubes in a given volume and external flow, for staggered arrangements of circular and elliptic tubes. Experimental results were obtained for circular and elliptic configurations with twelve tubes, starting with an equilateral triangl...

Embryonic axis elongation is a complex multi-tissue morphogenetic process responsible for the formation of the posterior part of the amniote body. How movements and growth are coordinated between the different posterior tissues (e.g. neural tube, axial and paraxial mesoderm, lateral plate, ectoderm, endoderm) to drive axis morphogenesis remain largely unknown. Here, we use quail embryos to quan...

Tests for the intrinsic shape of the luminosity distribution in elliptical galaxies are discussed, with an emphasis on the uncertainties. Recent determinations of the ellipticity frequency function imply a paucity of nearly spherical galaxies, and may be inconsistent with the oblate hypothesis. Statistical tests based on the correlation of surface brightness, isophotal twisting, and minor axis ...

The closed-form solutions of surface roughness parameters for a theoretical profile consisting of elliptical arcs are presented. Parabolic and simplified approximation methods are commonly used to estimate the surface roughness parameters for such machined surface profiles. The closed-form solution presented in this study reveals the range of errors of approximation methods for any elliptical a...

We performed a large set of collisionless N-body simulations of merging diskgalaxies with mass ratios of 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1 using the special purpose hardware GRAPE. These simulations were used to examine whether the formation of elliptical galaxies can be explained in the context of the merger scenario. The photometric, kinematical and isophotal properties of the simulated merger remnants ...

Flow in horizontally anisotropic multilayered aquifer systems with leaky wells and aquitards" (2014). [1] Flow problems in an anisotropic domain can be transformed into ones in an equivalent isotropic domain by coordinate transformations. Once analytical solutions are obtained for the equivalent isotropic domain, they can be back transformed to the original anisotropic domain. The existing solu...