Respiratory irritants cause acute lung injury. Their effects are distinguished from hypersensitivity induced lung injury by their mechanism of action a direct toxic effect and the speed of onset within minutes or hours rather than months or years. Respiratory irritants may be inhaled or transported to the lungs by the circulation. This article focuses on the long term consequences of inhaled re...

background mycoplasma synoviae is an important avian pathogen which can cause both respiratory disease and synovial joint inflammation (synovitis) in poultry. mycoplasmas spp. may cause the respiratory system infection in ostriches with symptoms such as inflammation of the nose, trachea and also damages of lungs. objectives the current study aimed to use the m. synoviae specific polymerase chai...

Hydraulic fracturing is an important measurement for the stimulation of oil and gas wells widely used in development low-permeability ultra-low-permeability reservoirs. However, fractures can pass through barriers with poor properties during fracturing, resulting that do not reach pre-designed length. In a worse situation, it possible to communicate water layer cause sudden flooding, failure co...

People burn crackers world over on different occasions in different countries to express their happiness. Fireworks in large amounts aggravate the level of air pollutants and cause significant short-term air quality degradation with possible impact on human health. Fine particles (PM2.5 < or = 2.5 microm), which may pose detrimental effects on human health and ecosystems were monitored in a res...

Weakly charged cationic nanoparticles cause structural changes including local denaturing and compaction to DNA under mild conditions. The charged ligands bind to the phosphate backbone of DNA and the uncharged ligands penetrate the helix and disrupt base pairing. Mobility shifts in electrophoresis, molecular dynamics, and UV-vis spectrophotometry give clues to the details of the interactions.

Our previous results using the Saccharomyces cerevisiae secretion system suggest that intramolecular exchange of disulfide bonds occurs in the folding pathway of human lysozyme in vivo (Taniyama, Y., Yamamoto, Y., Kuroki, R., and Kikuchi, M. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 7570-7575). Here we report on the results of introducing an artificial disulfide bond in mutants with 2 cysteine residues substi...

A now-famous study by Aglioti et al. (1995) involves a graspable version of the Ebbinghaus illusion (Figure 1). Aglioti and colleagues constructed a 3D version of the illusion, using thin solid disks. Subjects were asked to pick up the central disk on the left if the two central disks appeared identical in size, and to pick up the central disk on the right if they appeared different in size. Th...