The traditional agriculture land use system in Indian Himalayan region is an integral part of the society and local environment as in that the crop husbandry, animal husbandry and forests constitute interlinked systems. But due to variety of factors the land use under traditional crops is changing very fast in a part of Indian Himalayan region. This kind of land intensification is a severe thre...

The Himalayan endemic alpine genus Roscoea, like other members of ginger family, exhibits the combination of floral traits that would fit pollination by long distant foragers such as bees, birds or flies. We studied the pollination biology of Roscoea alpina, observed potential floral visitors and determined their foraging behaviour, visitation frequency and pollination efficiency, to seek evide...

Turkey is located on the seismically active Alpine-Himalayan belt. Although tectonic activity causes seismicity in Anatolian plate, it also constitutes an important geothermal energy resource. Today, production heavily concentrated Turkey's Western Anatolia region. Graben systems this region are very suitable for resources. The Büyük Menderes (BMG) area of complex geology with tectonics and hig...

Fluid inclusions and geological relationships indicate that rodingite formation in the Asbestos ophiolite, Québec, occurred in two, or possibly three, separate episodes during thrusting of the ophiolite onto the Laurentian margin, and that it involved three fluids. The first episode of rodingitization, which affected diorite, occurred at temperatures of between 290 and 360 degrees C and pressur...

Gold has been found in the Cyprus-type volcanogenic massive sulfide ore (VMS) deposits of Corchia ophiolite (Parma province, Italy) in the Cantiere Donnini, Speranza and Pozzo mining sites. At Cantiere Donnini and Speranza, the mineralization occurs at the contact between pillow lava and sedimentary rocks. The Pozzo mineralization is hosted by a serpentinite. Concentrations of gold up to 3070 p...

7 The Unst Ophiolite is the best exposed of a chain of early Ordovician ophiolites in the 8 Scottish Caledonides and is widely regarded as having formed in a supra-subduction zone 9 setting within the Iapetus Ocean. Reinterpretation of sheeted dykes suggests that it formed 10 as an oceanic core complex, presumably during subduction roll-back immediately prior to 11 obduction onto the Laurentian...

Vocal divergence within species often corresponds to morphological, environmental, and genetic differences between populations. Wolf howls are long-range signals that encode individual, group, and subspecies differences, yet the factors that may drive this variation are poorly understood. Furthermore, the taxonomic division within the Canis genus remains contended and additional data are requir...

The observation that major Himalayan rivers flow parallel to and down the axis of anticlines oriented transverse to the primary structural grain of the range has puzzled geomorphologists for decades. Although there is a general consensus that the courses of trans-Himalayan rivers predate the Himalayan orogeny, the close association of rivers and structural highs would not be expected to result ...

O are claimed to be pieces of ocean crust and upper mantle that have been thrust up onto continental crust and are now found in mountains, mainly along continental margins.1,2 An ideal ophiolite suite consists from bottom to top of peridotite, gabbro, sheeted dikes, basalt with pillow lavas and sedimentary rocks. The peridotite is considered to be an upper mantle rock, while the remainder of th...