Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha has been implicated in several muscle-wasting disorders, with increased levels of the cytokine reported in malnourished children. The role of TNF-alpha in mediating malnutrition-induced inhibition of diaphragm (DIA) muscle growth in young growing rats was evaluated. Three groups of rats were studied: 1) control (CTL); 2) nutritional deprivation (ND; 50% of norm...

There is evidence that the cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) contributes to the pathogenesis of neurological autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). TNF-alpha exerts damaging effects on oligodendrocytes, the myelin-producing cell of the central nervous system (CNS), and myelin itself. We have recently demonstrated TNF...

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is a pleiotropic cytokine triggering cell responses through two distinct membrane receptors. Stimulation of leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium is one of the many TNF-alpha activities and is explained by the upregulation of adhesion molecules on the endothelial cell surface. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were isolated, cultured, and dem...

BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) has recently been identified as a metalloproteinase-disintegrin, which converts pro-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) to the mature form, and is an important mediator in the pathogenesis of CHF. AIMS In order to establish the importance of TACE in the regulation of TNF-alpha synthesis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (...

Ovarian tumor cells produce macrophage colony stimulating factor, a potent chemoattractant for monocytes. Monocytes and macrophages produce tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1 alpha or interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) that can stimulate ovarian tumor cell growth. The present study has explored whether paracrine stimulation by monocyte derived cytokines might induce autocrine...

We studied centrifugation-mediated mechanical stress-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production in the monocyte-like cell line THP-1. The induction of TNF-alpha by mechanical stress was dependent on the centrifugation speed and produced the highest level of TNF-alpha after 1 h of stimulation. TNF-alpha production returned to normal levels after 24 h of stimulation. Mechanical st...

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is a macrophage/monocyte-derived polypeptide which modulates the expression of various genes in vascular endothelial cells and induces angiogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism by which TNF-alpha mediates angiogenesis is not completely understood. In this study, we assessed whether TNF-alpha-induced angiogenesis is mediated through TNF-alpha itself ...

The membrane TNF-alpha is known to serve as a precursor of the soluble form of TNF-alpha. Although it has been reported the biological functions of the membrane TNF-alpha as a ligand, the outside-to-inside (reverse) signal transmitted through membrane TNF-alpha is poorly understood. Here we report a novel function mediated by outside-to-inside signal via membrane TNF-alpha into the cells expres...

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a crucial mediator in sepsis, elicits multiple biologic effects, including intravascular thrombosis and circulatory shock. TNF-alpha exerts its biologic effects through two distinct cell surface receptors, TNF-R1 and TNF-R2. The pathophysiologic interaction between TNF-alpha and nitric oxide (NO) in glomerular thrombosis caused by endotoxemia in rats and...