The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) model has a mechanistic ruminal submodel that uses carbohydrate and protein degradation rates to predict the amount of feed that is fermented in the rumen and the amount that escapes undigested to the lower gut (Russell et al., 1992; Sniffen et al., 1992). The CNCPS has been modified as new information becomes available (Fox et al., 2003a)...

Two studies evaluated the proteolysis of alfalfa that was ensiled in laboratory silos under different modified atmospheres. In the first study, fourthcutting alfalfa was ensiled at 25% dry matter (DM) for 28 d. The forage treatments were a modified atmosphere of 3% O2:20% CO2:77% N2, or formic acid (6 ml/kg of fresh weight); an untreated control was used for comparison. Proteolysis was assessed...

Plant essential plant oils (EO) are volatile aromatic compounds with antimicrobial activity that can alter ruminal fermentation when used as dietary supplements. A feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of periparturient and early lactation dairy cows with a specific mixture of EO. Forty multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned to either control ...

the objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of bacterial additives on chemical characteristics and ruminal degradability of alfalfa silage. in this experiment the treatments consisted of: 1-untreated alfalfa silage (control), 2-treated with ecosyl (ec), 3- lacticil maize (lm), and 4- a combination of both additives, ec and lm, at half level of treatments 2 and 3. silos wer...

The effect of alfalfa ensiled in bunker silos at high moisture [HM, 34% dry matter (DM)] and low moisture (LM, 56% DM) content on milk production and Grana Padano cheese quality was studied. Forty Italian Friesian lactating cows were allotted to two groups and fed, in a crossover design experiment, two corn silage-based diets containing 27% of the total DM as HM or LM. Each of the two periods i...

Silage is a common way of storing and feeding forage in the United States. There are 4 phases (aerobic, anaerobic, stable, and feedout) that silage undergoes. The most critical phases to manage to minimize nutritive losses are when the silage is going from an aerobic to an anaerobic environment and at feedout. The first important step in achieving silage of high nutritive value is to harvest at...

Grain sorghum silage tannin content effect was evaluated on milk production and chemical composition of Argentinean Holstein bred cows, and it are described dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) in situ digestion parameters and effective degradability. The base diet was constituted by alfalfa pasture, maize silage, and a protein – mineral supplement, differing in three treatments based on high...

efficient use of natural and biological cycles such as nitrogen fixation by legumes may stimulate yield of non-legumes crops in an intercropped system. in order to evaluate spring barley (h) and annual alfalfa (m) intercropping, a study was conducted in the research field of university of tehran (located in karaj) during 2009-2010 growing season. in this research, a randomized complete block de...

Intercropping of silage maize (Zea mays L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa is not a common practice because generally reduces grain biomass yield. The objective this research was to evaluate the productivity profitability maize–alfalfa intercropping, with goal establish increase in first year production. experiment conducted Fargo Prosper, ND, USA, 2014–2017. design randomized complete block four...

this experiment was conducted to assess the effects of daytime cutting management (p.m. vs. a.m. cut), ensiling duration and adding microbial inoculants on chemical composition of alfalfa silage. for this, second growth alfalfa harvested at the early bud stage of development after a sunny day at sundown (about 1900 h; pm alfalfa), whereas the second half was cut next day at sunup (about 0800 h;...