The ABC transporters bile salt export pump (BSEP; encoded by the ABCB11 gene), MDR3 P-glycoprotein (ABCB4), and sterolin 1 and 2 (ABCG5 and ABCG8) are crucial for the excretion of bile salt, phospholipid, and cholesterol, respectively, into the bile of mammals. The current paradigm is that phospholipid excretion mainly serves to protect membranes of the biliary tree against bile salt micelles. ...

This study investigated the impact of mild-moderate dehydration on alcohol-induced deteriorations in cognitive functions. Sixteen healthy males participated in a single-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over design study involving 4 experimental trials (separated by 7d). In each trial, participants were dehydrated by 2.5% body mass through exercise. After 1 h recovery in a thermo-neutral environ...

Bile salt synthesis is a specialized liver function in vertebrates. Bile salts play diverse roles in digestion and signaling, and their homeostasis is maintained by controlling input (biosynthesis) and intestinal conservation. Patients with biliary atresia (i.e., obliteration of the biliary tree) suffer liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. In contrast, sea lamprey thrives despite developmental biliary...

This paper represents a compilation of the latest scientific research on the non-pharmacological management of hypertension to help practitioners manage this highly prevalent disease. In this regard, recent evidence suggests that nonpharmacological approaches--particularly weight reduction, salt restriction, moderation of alcohol consumption, reduction of cholesterol intake and exercise--may lo...

The mechanism of a recently reported aldehyde alpha-oxyamination reaction has been studied using a combination of kinetic, spectrometric, and spectrophotometric techniques. Most crucially, the use of a validated cyclopropane-based radical-clock substrate has demonstrated that carbon-oxygen bond formation occurs predominantly through an enamine activation manifold. The mechanistic details report...

A comprehensive approach is necessary in managing heart failure in frail older adults. To provide optimal care, physicians need to draw on knowledge from the fields of internal medicine, geriatrics, and cardiology. The acronym "MORE" is a mnemonic for what heart failure management should include: multidisciplinary care, attention to other (ie, comorbid) diseases, restrictions (of salt, fluid, a...

An O-Si bond construction protocol employing abundantly available and inexpensive NaOH as the catalyst is described. The method enables the cross-dehydrogenative coupling of an alcohol and hydrosilane to directly generate the corresponding silyl ether under mild conditions and without the production of stoichiometric salt byproducts. The scope of both coupling partners is excellent, positioning...

Hypertension is an important health problem. Informative counseling is required for patients to completely understand the importance of non-pharmacologic treatments. Lifestyle changes such as restriction of salt intake, exercise, restriction of alcohol intake, diet, and weight loss are included in all hypertension treatment guidelines. However, serious motivation is required from the patient an...

The new proton-conducting composite electrolyte films (PCCEFs) consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with varying ammonium fluoride salt concentrations were created using an expanded liquid casting process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study confirms the (CEFs) formation. improvement in AMF02 doping compared to PVA matrix film approach resulted decreased variation crystalline size values, thus expla...