This issue of Alcohol Research & Health examines addiction to multiple substances--that is, combined dependence on alcohol and other drugs (AODs), including marijuana, cocaine, and opioids. It seems fitting, then, to begin the issue with a look at what constitutes "addiction." The Oxford English Dictionary (pp. 24-25) traces the term addiction to Roman law, under which addiction was a "formal g...

Alcohol addiction is a disease that includes a diverse set of phenotypes. Functional alcohol tolerance is an adaptation to the effects of alcohol that restores neuronal homeostatic balance while the drug is present. When the drug is suddenly withheld, these adaptations unbalance the nervous system and are thought to be the origin of some withdrawal symptoms. Withdrawal symptoms, which can be a ...

Despite the commonplace use of the internet for socializing and recreating, little is known about alcohol use during online activity. This study investigates the prevalence of online drinking (drinking/ intoxication during internet use) in an American college student sample, differences in internet use associated with online drinking, consequences of online drinking, and the relationship betwee...

Uncontrolled use of the internet has been reported to affect the lives of some users in a negative way. According to epidemiological studies, about 1% of the general population is showing signs of internet addiction. Since internet addiction is becoming a growing health concern, research on potential risk factors is becoming more important in order to develop strategies for prevention and to ad...

1. Babor T. F., Higgins-Biddle J. C., Saunders J. B., Motneiro M. G. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test: Guidelines for Use in Primary Care. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001. 2. Dawson D. A., Grant B. F., Stinson F. S., Zhou Y. Effectiveness of the derived Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C) in screening for alcohol use disorders and risk drinking in the US gen...

INTRODUCTION Nowadays women constitute one third of all addicts. In the last decade, there has been a remarkable growth in scientific interest in biochemical and psychosocial aspects of women's addiction. Many researches point out the specific character of women's addiction. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess and compare psychosocial aspects, including the sociodemographic character...

Recent studies with endogenous neuropeptides have indicated their modulating role in the etiology of alcoholism. The role of endogenous opioids is relatively well known and there is growing evidence for a role of the appetite-regulating peptides leptin, ghrelin, neuropeptide Y, galanin, and orexins. It has been demonstrated that these peptides could also be involved in alcohol intake regulation...

ordinarily found in hypertrophic arthritis-in spite of the fact that none of these patients had given a history of knee-joint symptoms. The book contains a complete description, both gross and microscopic, of these joints. There is a series of 31 plates showing photographs-gross and microscopic-of a selected group of the joints at varying ages with several x-rays included. The book is well writ...

conclusions future research should pay more attention to the mechanisms and pathways mediating or moderating the relationship between family risk factors and addiction in women. clinicians and researchers should keep in mind these vulnerabilities and take into consideration factors special to processes related to addiction in women. results partners, parenting styles, and family disturbances ar...

Alcohol addiction is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder according to both phenotype and etiology. Difference in phenotype characteristics manifests in the manner the addiction arises, history of the alcoholic and history of drinking, comorbid disorders, and the phenomenon of abstinence difficulties. Concerning the etiology of alcoholism, the disease itself is considered to be a consequence of...