Ionic aluminum (Al3+) is toxic to plants, microbes, fish, and animals, but the mechanism of its toxicity is unknown. We describe the isolation of two yeast genes (ALR1 and ALR2) which confer increased tolerance to Al3+ and Ga3+ ions when overexpressed while increasing strain sensitivity to Zn2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Ca2+, and La3+ ions. The Alr proteins are homologous to the Salmonella typhimurium...

Modeling of eight mechanisms for the incorporation Ti4+ and Cr3+ impurity components into phlogopite was carried out by a semi-empirical method using GULP (General Utility Lattice Program) software. The calculation thermodynamic mixing properties in range 1–7 GPa 373–1573 K analysis structure geometry simulated solid solutions provided following energy-preferred schemes isomorphic substitution:...

An experimental and computational study on the hydrolysis of Al3+ in aqueous solutions is here reported. Speciation model formation constants were determined by potentiometric titrations at T = 298.15 K, 0.1 ? I/mol L?1 1 NaCl, NaNO3, NaCl/NaNO3 solutions. The dependence ionic strength reported all media over range 0.1–1.0 mol L?1. Under studied conditions, Al3(OH)45+ Al13(OH)327+ species obser...

In this research, dipeptide (his-β-alanine) and porphyrin derivatives were choosen for comparing chelating ability of toxic metals such as Al3+, Cu2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+ in vitro. The reason for choosing these two compounds is that both of them are naturally present in biological systems and comparison of chelating ability of these two compounds has not yet been done. Synthesis and comparison of kin...

BACKGROUND Gnathostoma spinigerum causes larva migran in human which is endemic in Southeast Asia. Information regarding larva migration is limited. In this study, we investigated the parasite migration by recovery of worms from the whole body of mouse after oral infection with advanced third stage larvae (AL3). The percentage of blood eosinophils was examined in parallel. METHODS Mice were o...

Stabilization and inhibition of hepatic microsomal glucose-6-P phosphohydrolase (EC 3.1.3.9) by F- requires the presence of Al3+ ions. At millimolar concentrations, reagent grade NaF inhibited glucose-6-P hydrolysis and protected the enzyme against inactivation induced by heat in the presence of 0.025% (w/v) Triton X-100 or by reaction of the catalytic site with the histidine-specific reagent, ...

The mechanistic basis for cation amelioration of Al rhizotoxicity in soybean was investigated through a series of studies comparing protective effects of Ca and Mg against Al inhibition of root elongation in a background 0.8 mM CaSO4 solution (pH 4.3). A modified Gouy-Chapman-Stern model was used to evaluate the effect of cations on electrical potential and Al3+ activity at root plasma membrane...

Cast, coarse-grained Al-Sc alloys are interesting candidates for high temperature, creepresistant applications due to the formation of a high number density of nanometer sized Al3Sc precipitates [1]. Upon addition of Yb to Al-Sc alloys, Yb replaces the Sc forming Al3(Sc1-xYbx) precipitates (L12 structure) [2]. The resulting alloys have higher creep resistance due to the larger lattice parameter...

When Fe2+ ions are added to rat-liver microsomes, lipid peroxidation begins after a short lag period. Fe2+-dependent peroxidation in the first few minutes of the incubation can be increased by adding Fe3+, ascorbic acid or Pb2+ ions; these stimulations are not additive. By contrast, Pb2+ ions inhibit peroxidation of microsomes in the presence of Fe3+/ascorbate or Fe3+-ADP/NADPH. In liposomes ma...