introduction: today sport is one of the important social criterion and athletes are trying to be a champion. therefore, there is an increase in misuse of doping agents especially anabolic-androgenic steroid. this study was carried out to determine the prevalence of the doping agents' abuse among male bodybuilders' and to access their knowledge about their side effects in kermanshah gymnasiums i...

Submitted for the MAR06 Meeting of The American Physical Society Strong correlation effects in the IR Hall Effect in the cuprates: an overview1 H.D. DREW, University of Maryland — The Hall Effect at infrared frequencies provides a sensitive probe of strong interaction effects in strongly correlated metals. Experimental results show that the strong interaction effects inter the Hall conductivity...

For the first time, we fabricated p-type FETs using an individual heavily Al-doped α-Si3N4 NW with a single-crystal structure. The results show that despite a heavy Al-doping level, a typical device still exhibits high performance with an extremely high on/off ratio, 10(3), at Vds = -5 V.

Either metal/metal or metal/non-metal co-doping is one of the most effective methods to modulate visible emission ZnO. In this paper, ZnO, aluminum-doped ZnO (Al-ZnO), aluminum and silver co-doped (Al/Ag-ZnO), nitrogen (Al/N-ZnO) are deposited. Combining substitution zinc ions using Al and/or Ag doping oxygen N expected introduce more interstitial vacancy defects related light in films. The res...

The advancement of nanotechnology provides opportunities for fabrication of nanoscale materials and higher performance devices using nanomaterials with high precision. Currently, various nanomaterials and nanostructures in the range of 1 to 100 nm have been produced by chemical and physical methods. Among various nanostructured materials, one-dimensional (1D) materials, such as nanowires, nanot...

Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) garnets are one of the promising materials as electrolytes for solid-state batteries. In this study, Li7-3xAlxLa3Zr2O12 (x= 0.22, 0.25, and 0.28) garnet is synthesized using the combustion sol-gel method to stabilize the cubic phase for higher ionic conductivity. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results of as-synthesized powders reveal that by addition of 0.22 and 0.25 mole Al, t...

So far, no boron fullerenes were synthesized: more compact sp(3)-bonded clusters are energetically preferred. To circumvent this, metallic clusters have been suggested by Pochet et al. [Phys. Rev. B 83, 081403(R) (2011)] as "seeds" for a possible synthesis which would topologically protect the sp(2) sector of the configuration space. In this paper, we identify a basic pentagonal unit which allo...

HEterojunction Interfacial Workfunction Internal Photoemission (HEIWIP) detectors using AlGaAs as both the emitter and the barrier material with different Al fractions for the two layers are demonstrated. The extension of the HEIWIP concept to wavelengths longer than 110 lm in the GaAs/AlGaAs system requires the use of AlGaAs as the emitter material to reduce the barrier height. The p-type dopi...

A detailed calculation of energy-band structures and dispersion relation of compensated n-i-p-i superlattices with small period lengths is presented. The calculation is based on a multistepfunction approach to the real potential form and the transfer-matrix method. The densities of states of conduction subbands have been calculated. %'e found that the density of states is different for difteren...

We investigate the possibility of tailoring the electronic properties of isoreticular metal-organic materials by replacing the metal atom in the metal-organic cluster and by doping. The electronic structure of M-IRMOF1, where IRMOF1 stands for isoreticular metal-organic framework 1 and M = Be, Mg, Ca, Zn, and Cd, was examined using density-functional theory. The results show that these material...