Reducing the exhaust emissions of an spark ignition engine by means of engine modifications requires consideration of the effects of these modifications on the variations of crankshaft torque and the engine roughness respectively. Only if the roughness does not exceed a certain level the vehicle do not begin to surge. This paper presents a method for controlling the air-fuel ratio for a lean bu...

Chris Manzie, Harry Watson, Marimuthu Palaniswami Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department of Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3010 Abstract: Despite being one of the fastest growing alternative fuel sources, little attention has been given to control of the air fuel ratio at the point of combustion in liquefied pet...

This paper treats air-to-fuel ratio control of a spark ignition engine. A direct adaptive control method using Gaussian neural networks is developed to compensate transient fueling dynamics and the measurement bias of mass air flow rate into the manifold. The transient fueling compensation method is coupled with a dynamic sliding mode control technique that governs fueling rate when the throttl...

Asthma is common in children worldwide, although its prevalence varies substantially by location. The prevalence of wheeze over a 12-month period ranged from 2.1% to 32.2% in the older age group (13–14 years) and 4.1% to 32.1% in the younger age group (6–7 years) [1]. There is a positive association between current symptoms of asthma in younger and older children with gross national income [2],...

hydrogen is seen as one of the important energy carriers of the future with potential to reduce local as well as global warming. the main by-product of the combustion of hydrogen in air is water vapor and trace quantities of oxides of nitrogen. an experiment was conducted to study the impact of hydrogen/natural gas blends on performance, thermodynamic efficiency and exhaust gas emissions in a r...

OBJECTIVE Characterising exposure to indoor air pollution arising from solid-fuel use in extremely poor Colombian households. METHODS Data from the September 2012 survey by Red Unidos (literally United Network, the Colombian government's official instrument for identifying extremely poor households: n=1.3 million households and >5 million people) was used for two logistic regression models: f...

In view of the economy and environmental impacts of the energy utilization, most of the heat transfer industries such as steel mills, glass plants and forging shops, foundry process and furnaces are focusing on energy efficient strategies and implementing new technologies. Gas Technology Institute (GTI) and Air Liquide Chicago Research Centre (ALCRC) have applied Oscillating Combustion Technolo...

This dissertation: (i) develops a novel numerical method for DNS/LES of compressible, turbulent reacting flows, (ii) performs several validation simulations, (iii) studies auto–ignition of a hydrogen vortex ring in air and (iv) studies a hydrogen/air turbulent diffusion flame. The numerical method is spatially non-dissipative, implicit and applicable over a range of Mach numbers. The compressib...