BACKGROUND Anal cancer is an increasing issue in HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM). Screening for its precursor, anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN), is subject of discussion. Current treatment options are suboptimum and have not been compared in a prospective trial. We compared efficacy and side-effects of imiquimod, topical fluorouracil, and electrocautery for the treatment of AIN...

Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is a clinicopathologic entity that is characterized by acute renal failure and renal biopsy findings of interstitial inflammation and tubulitis. There are multiple causes of AIN, the majority of which appear to respond to immunosuppressive therapy. Corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment for AIN, but many patients are refractory to or intolerant of treat...

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of dietary phytate on cardiovascular calcification in rats during aging. Male Wistar rats (10 weeks old) were randomly assigned to four diet groups. The control group was fed with a balanced diet (UAR-A04) containing phytate. The AIN group was fed a purified diet (AIN-76A) with an undetectable level of phytate. The PHY group was fed with a pur...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinicopathological significance of CD206-positive macrophage expression in patients with acute tubulointerstitial disease, including acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and acute interstitial nephritis (AIN). METHODS Renal tissue samples from patients with ATN (n=10), AIN (n=10), and minimal change disease (MCD, as disease control, n=8) as well as tissue from normal con...

Drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is a relatively common cause of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury (AKI). While prerenal AKI and acute tubular necrosis (ATN) are the most common forms of AKI in the hospital, AIN is likely the next most common. Clinicians must differentiate the various causes of hospital-induced AKI; however, it is often difficult to distinguish AIN from ATN i...

BACKGROUND There are several standard diets for animals used in scientific research, usually conceived by scientific institutions. The AIN-93 diet is widely used, but there are some reports of fatty liver in Wistar rats fed this diet. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the hepatic repercussions of the AIN-93 diet intake in Wistar rats. METHODS Forty newly-weaned 21-day-old male Wistar rats were...

Clare Tanton,1 Laith J. Abu-Raddad,2,3 and Helen A. Weiss4 1Research Department of Infection and Population Health, Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, University College London, United Kingdom; 2Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medical College–Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation, Doha; 3Department of Public Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell Unive...

Interactions between the brain networks and subnetworks are crucial for active and resting cognitive states. Whether a subnetwork can restore the adequate function of the parent network whenever a disease state affects the parent network is unclear. Investigations suggest that the control of the anterior insula-based network (AIN) over the default-mode network (DMN) and central-executive networ...

This study aims to evaluate the effects of diets deficient in choline and/or cystine on hepatocellular injury in animal models (young male Wistar rats, aged 21 days), by monitoring some of the oxidative stress biomarkers and the expression of RAGE, TNF-α, and IL-1β. The animals were divided into 6 groups (n = 10) and submitted to different diets over 30 days: AIN-93 diet (standard, St), AIN-93 ...

OBJECTIVE To present the incidence, morphology, and the relationships of the accessory head of the flexor pollicis longus (Gantzer`s) muscle (AHFPL) in a recent Turkish population. METHODS The study was performed on 52 upper extremities of 26 adult Turkish cadavers in the Department of Anatomy, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey in 2005. In our dissections, the prevalence and a...