I hypothesize that Merge as defined in (1) automatically creates a dependency relation S (for sisterhood) where x is invariably the antecedent (or nondependent) and y the dependent. I suggest furthermore that S can be (and perhaps universally is) marked on y, and spelled out on one of the terms of y. The proposal of this paper is that this dependency marking may be realized in two ways: by infl...

PURPOSE Conventional computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard method for case planning for endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). However, aortography with a marking catheter is needed for measuring the actual length of an aneurysm. With advances in imaging technology, a 3-dimensional (3D) workstation can obviate the need for the aortography. The objective of this study was to determi...

Generating proper and natural sounding prosody is one of the key interests of today’s speech synthesis research. An important factor in this effort is the availability of a precisely labelled speech corpus with adequate prosodic stress marking. Obtaining such a labelling constitutes a huge effort, whereas interannotator agreement scores are usually found far below 100%. Stress marking based on ...

The production and interpretation of pronouns involves the identification of a mental referent and, in connected speech or text, a discourse antecedent. One of the few overt signals of the relationship between a pronoun and its antecedent is agreement in features such as number and grammatical gender. To examine how speakers create these signals, two experiments tested conceptual, lexical, and ...

Abstract This paper describes the gender system of Laal, a language isolate Chad. Laal has strictly semantic, partly sex-based making use three semantic features: [±human], [masculine/feminine], and [±abstract], defining four genders: human masculine, feminine, neuter, abstract. Gender is covert on nouns; it marked only agreeing pronouns functional words. The morphological marking structure dif...

The category of number is present in many languages of the world. The category encodes whether a linguistic expression refers to one or more referents and it is used primarily with nouns, e. g. car vs. cars. In addition to that, many languages possess various agreement morphemes that mark number information on elements other than nouns, such as adjectives or verbs. One question in language acqu...