BACKGROUND : Tree stands have remained popular among hunters because of the increased vantage point for the hunter. Although stand styles vary, the typical stand is very minimalistic in design, comprising a seat and an area for the hunter to place his feet. Although there have been studies using state trauma registry data, to date, there has not been a study on the epidemiology of tree stand-re...

We sought to answer the question: How do we restore characteristics of old-growth evergreen mixed-conifer forests in young even-aged stands on upland terrain at Headwaters Forest Reserve (HFR)? We described the old-growth reference condition for three stands at HFR. In each old-growth stand, trees within a 1-ha plot were inventoried. We found coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menzie...

The sustainability of indigenous Monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) at Año Nuevo stands in the central coast of California was examined. The foremost management objective in these stands is to establish and maintain stand structures that ensure a sustainable presence of the species in terms of uneven-aged management. The major threats are the proliferation of shadetolerant tree species and th...

Density management decision-support systems (e.g., modular-based structural stand density management models (SSDMMs)), which are built upon the modeling platform used to develop stand density management diagrams, incorporate a number of functional relationships derived from forest production theory and quantitative ecology. Empirically, however, the ecological integrity of these systems has not...

Lichens associated with old forest are commonly assumed to be negatively affected by tree logging or natural disturbances. However, in this study performed in a spruce-dominated sylvopastoral landscape in the Swiss Jura Mountains, we found that genetic diversity of the epiphytic old-forest lichen Lobaria pulmonaria depends on the type of disturbance. We collected 923 thalli from 41 sampling plo...