A conventional, axial‐flow, air‐blast orchard sprayer was used to make applications to the outside row of a semi‐dwarf apple block. Fluorescent tracer was applied at the same rate using either disc‐core nozzle sets or air‐induction nozzles fitted with flat‐fan tips. The experiment included measuring the percent area of spray coverage on leaves after three variations in spray application method....

A planar and instantaneous visualization study of high-speed gas jets and their airblast sprays was performed to qualitatively examine the different atomization performances of different gas nozzles. For the visualization of high-speed gas jets (with no liquid injected), Nd:YAG pulsed laser sheets imaged the clustered vapor molecules in the Rayleigh range (d@j), condensed from the natural humid...

Production of drug nanoparticles is an effective strategy to enhance solubility and oral absorption of water-insoluble drugs. The handling of drug nanoparticles has been an important issue in drug formulation because nanoparticles easily aggregate each other and redispersion of these particles is very difficult. In the present study, we developed a unique two-solution mixing type spray nozzle t...

The two-phase ejector refrigeration cycle (TPERC) system with a two-throat nozzle ejector was investigated experimentally, and the entrainment ratio of the ejector and the COP of the system were compared with those of the ejector with Laval nozzle and its TPERC system respectively. The experimental results indicate that under the working condition of the evaporating/condensing temperatures 1°C/...

The objective of this paper is to computationally analyse shock waves in the Convergent Divergent (CD) Nozzle. The commercial CFD code Fluent is employed to analyse the compressible flow through the nozzle. The analysis includes static pressure, temperature, Mach number and density of the flow for different nozzle pressure ratios (NPR i.e., the ratio between exit pressure of the nozzle to ambie...

This research aims to study jet downstream scour model under the influence of changes of water level. It also studies and analyzes different parameters and components of diffusion of submerged jet flow in an acceptor fluid and scour hole dimensions. To achieve the objectives, a physical model was made in proportion to the research title. With the Froude number increasing in a nozzle discharge, ...

Traditional mechanical control systems in thrust vectoring are efficient in rocket thrust guidance but their costs and their weights are excessive. The fluidic injection in the nozzle divergent constitutes an alternative procedure to achieve the goal. In this paper, we present a 3D analytical model for fluidic injection in a supersonic nozzle integrating an orifice. The fluidic vectoring uses a...

The production of small fluid droplets relies on an instability of solutions to the Young-Laplace equation. We ask whether smaller droplets can be produced by changing the shape of the nozzle. At a given critical pressure, the circular nozzle actually produces the largest droplet. The droplet volume can be decreased by up to 18% using a triangular nozzle with stretched corners.

SUMMARY We have developed Nozzle, an R package that provides an Application Programming Interface to generate HTML reports with dynamic user interface elements. Nozzle was designed to facilitate summarization and rapid browsing of complex results in data analysis pipelines where multiple analyses are performed frequently on big datasets. The package can be applied to any project where user-frie...

To compensate for the insufficiency and instability of solder paste dispensing and printing that are used in the SMT (Surface Mount Technology) production process, a noncontact solder paste jetting system driven by a piezoelectric stack based on the principle of the nozzle-needle-system is introduced in this paper, in which a miniscule gap exists between the nozzle and needle during the jetting...