The presence of particles such as algae, clay, organic materials and water-soluble substances often create turbidity or color in water. In recent years, electrocoagulation process has attracted an extensive attention due to its advantages. Since sand filters are widely used in water treatment industry and their corresponding backwash water is large in volume, turbidity removal will save water c...

 The meaning of “Quality” is closely allied to cost and customer needs. “Quality” may simply be defined as fitness for purpose at lowest cost.  The component is said to possess good quality, if it works well in the equipment for which it is meant. Quality is thus defined as fitness for purpose.  Quality is the ‘totality of features and characteristics’ both for the products and services that...

Preface All products are continuously being improved for better performance. Spectrometers have developed in many ways since the introduction of simple and moderately priced spectrophotometers which were commercially available from the mid 1950’s. 1 Such improvements have enabled SCINCO to manufacture PDA type UV-Vis. spectrophotometers. The scope and performance of conventional single channel ...