Each day, 15,000 tons of sludge solids are removed from U.S. wastewater treatment plants. A combination of events has caused disposal of this sludge to build up to a major problem for an increasing number of communities. Municipal sanitary wastewater contains about 0.35 pounds of dry solids per person per day. Added to this load are various commercial and industrial wastes. Ever-greater quantit...

The nitrogen removal from wastewater and landfill leachate has become a vital part of the overall treatment process because nitrogen compounds have the significant impact on the environment. Generally, biological nitrogen removal is used for nitrogen elimination from wastewater. In the last years, newly advanced anaerobic reactor systems such as up flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), anaerobi...

Heavy metals pollution has become a more serious environmental problem in the last several decades as a result releasing toxic materials into the environment. Various techniques such as physical, chemical, biological, advanced oxidation and electrochemical processes were used for the treatment of domestic, industrial and agricultural effluents. The commonly used conventional biological treatmen...

Ozone-based treatment trains offer a sustainable option for potable reuse applications, but nitrosamine formation during ozonation poses a challenge for municipalities seeking to avoid reverse osmosis and high-dose ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Six nitrosamines were monitored in full-scale and pilot-scale wastewater treatment trains. The primary focus was on eight treatment trains employing ozo...

Water scarcity and water pollution is a worldwide problem and has driven research into eco-friendly and low-energy cost efficient remediation. The reuse of wastewater for non-potable purpose after proper treatment is the only sustainable solution to the problem. Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) based on the in-situ generation of hydroxyl radicals have been intensively investigated for this pu...

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) represent pollutants of emerging concern, originating in surface and drinking waters largely from their persistence in wastewater effluent. Accordingly, a wealth of recent investigations has examined PPCP fate during wastewater treatment, focusing on their removal during conventional (e.g., activated sludge) and advanced (e.g., ozonation and me...

to study the feasibility of anaerobic filter in raw sewage and slaughter house wastewater treatment, slaughter house wastewater treatment, a batch flow pilot plant was designed. in phase one, with a detention time of 3-days and no mixing, the maximum reduction in cod was 23%. in the second phase, with a detention time of 2-days and complete mixing, glucose was added to the raw sewage, the reduc...

I ntroduction Onsite wastewater systems (onsite sys­ tems) treat and dispose of wastewater (effluent) near the point of generation (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [U.S. EPA], 2002). Onsite systems are classified as septic or advanced systems. Septic systems may be conventional and enhanced treatment units or alternative onsite systems (New York State Department of Health, 2012; North Caro...