A common model for multimedia systems is the stream, an abstraction representing the flow of continuous time-dependent data such as audio samples and video frames. The primary feature of streams is the ability to compose processes by making stream connections between them. An alternative time-advance model is related to discrete-event simulations. Data is computed in presentation order, but in ...

This paper considers the characteristics of high-speed train in precise timing information, such as arrival time, depending duration on station, traveling time and location of the train, to design a video proxy agent for VoD service in train. Based on the information of current active video streams, a burst pre-fetching scheme in video proxy agent is developed when the high-speed train depends ...

The raison d’etre for the air transportation system is the movement of passengers and cargo. Consumer information for airline passengers and regulatory consumer protection of airline services provide measures of performance using the percentage of on-time flights, and the percentage of cancelled flights. Researchers have shown that these “flight-based” metrics are a poor proxy for measuring the...

We identify structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) models by combining sign restrictions with information in external instruments and proxy variables. We incorporate the proxy variables by augmenting the SVAR with equations that relate them to the structural shocks. Our modeling framework allows to simultaneously identify different shocks using either sign restrictions or an external instrumen...

Thermophilisation is the response of plants communities in mountainous areas to increasing temperatures, causing an upward migration of warm-adapted (thermophilic) species and consequently, the timberline. This greening, associated with warming, causes enhanced evapotranspiration that leads to intensification of the hydrological cycle, which is recorded by hydroclimate-sensitive archives, such ...

According to “Hotelling rule” price of an “exhaustible resource” exceeds its marginal cost of production in perfect competition equilibrium by amount equal to the opportunity cost of depleting the resource now rather than next periods. This cost is called “scarcity rent”. Oil price exceeds its marginal extraction costs significantly. This can be attributed two different sources: effect of scarc...