The three paired abdominal glands, the kidney, the suprarenal gland, and the gonad arise in the embryo from a common fold which later serves to retain the urinary and genital primordia to the dorsal body wall. It is well known that groups of adrenal cortical cells (which may originate as part of the suprarenal primordium) are often found quite distant to the location of the definitive suprarena...

This study provides the first detailed description of the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) adrenal gland with emphasis on the medulla. Thirty-one dolphins of varying age and sex were used in this study. No statistical differences were found between the right and left gland mass, however, the left was typically greater. Mean mass for the right and left adrenal glands were 4.99 +/...

Estrogen is a steroid hormone that regulates embryogenesis, cell proliferation and differentiation, organogenesis, the timing of parturition, and fetal imprinting by carrying chemical messages from glands to cells within tissues or organs in the body. During development, placenta is the primary source of estrogen production but estrogen can only be produced if the fetus or the mother supplies d...

In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism(s) through which the functional adrenal cortex is established, we analyzed immunohistochemically the expression of various markers for the adrenocortical zones, i.e. the zona glomerulosa (zG), the zona fasciculata (zF), and the zona reticularis (zR), as well as markers for the medulla, and further examined the distribution and behavior of DNA-synthesizin...

The alteration of endogenous opiate alkaloids during fasting state was investigated in rats. The concentrations of morphine and codeine in the cortex, midbrain, pons plus medulla, cerebellum, adrenal gland and pancreas were measured using radioimmunoassay for the opiates following high pressure liquid chromatography. The morphine and codeine contents of fasting rats showed maximum elevated leve...

THE PLACE OF CORTISONE AND CORTICOTROPHIN IN THE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN ACUTE PHASES OF LEPROSY W. H. JOPLING, M.R.C.P. (LOND. & EDIN.), D.T.M. & H. R. G. COCHRANE , M.D., F.R.C.P., D.T.M. & H. In 1936 a steroid was isolated from the adrenal cortex 1 which became known as compound E, and in 1949 its name was changed to cortisone. It is converted in the body into a closely allied substance, hydroc...

Well documented reports of the successful transplantation of human adrenal cortical tissue cannot be found in the literature. In 1951 we achieved the successful transplantation of human embryonic adrenal gland (cortical tissue) in a patient with symptomatic adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease), apparently the first instance of histologically documented successful homografting of human adre...

The adrenal gland comprises the cortex, responsible for the production of steroid hormones, and the medulla, producing the catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine. Both of these components can show hyperplastic and neoplastic change. This presentation will outline relevant aspects of normal structure and function. Then, with respect to the adrenal cortex, the various types of hyperplasia ...

The adrenal glands are essential to life. Surgical treatment is governed by whether one or both the glands is involved. Both the cortex and medulla of each gland exercise important physiological functions. When diseased, they give rise to clear-cut endocrine syndromes, but the clinical picture may become obscured by polyglandular interaction. Adrenal disease, as a consequence, is diagnosed earl...

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of experimental hyperprolactinemia on the stereological parameters of porcine adrenal cortex. In cyclic sows, after preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) peak, porcine prolactin (PRL, 0.3 mg) or saline were administered i.v. for 48 h at 2 h intervals. Next sows were slaughtered and adrenal glands were dissected. Stereological analysis of the left ...