We introduce an approach to revealing the likelihood of different population histories that utilizes an explicit model of sequence evolution for the DNA segment under study. Based on a phylogenetic tree reconstruction method we show that a Tamura-Nei model with heterogeneous mutation rates is a fair description of the evolutionary process of the hypervariable region I of the mitochondrial DNA f...

BACKGROUND Patients' willingness to the involvement of medical students in their health care is the mandatory input to medical education. Admitted patients' willingness level should be known and factors affecting willingness should be identified and it is necessary to act upon them for better medical care. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional hospital based survey was conducted to assess the admitte...

In the Netherlands, students are admitted to medical school through (1) selection, (2) direct access by high pre-university Grade Point Average (pu-GPA), (3) lottery after being rejected in the selection procedure, or (4) lottery. At Radboud University Medical Center, 2010 was the first year we selected applicants. We designed a procedure based on tasks mimicking the reality of early medical sc...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Denmark experienced three waves of the new pandemic influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 from July 2009 to February 2011. The aim of the study was to describe the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients in a defined population of North Denmark Region with a mixed urban and rural community of 579,000 inhabitants. METHODS Review of medical records of all ...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the relations between the organisation of stroke services, process measures of care quality, and 30 day mortality in patients admitted with acute ischaemic stroke. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Hospitals (n=106) admitting patients with acute stroke in England and participating in the Stroke Improvement National Audit Programme and 2010 Sentinel Stroke Audit....

background ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) develops in mechanically ventilated patients 48 hours after putting the patients on the ventilator. vap is the second most common nosocomial infection in neonatal intensive care units (nicu). objectives the current study was conducted to determine the rate, microbiological characteristics and outcome of vap in neonates admitted in the nicu of sho...

background: cryptosporidiosis is a common coccidian parasite infection in patients with diarrhea that has worldwide distribution especially in developed countries. therefore,the aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of cryptosporidium infection in patients with gastroenteritis admitted to hospitals of mazandaran university of medical sciences by parasitological and molecular methods...

abstract aim and background: applying evidence-based treatment guidelines to improve the quality of care for patients with schizophrenia has been increased worldwide. in this study, we evaluated the adherence of clinicians to the guideline for patients with schizophrenia who were admitted to a university hospital in their first episode of disease. methods and materials: in a descriptive study, ...