In western industrialized nations approximately 25% of all deaths are caused directly or indirectly by the consumption of psychotropic substances. Substance-related addictions therefore constitute the most frequently occurring psychiatric disease category (McGinnis and Foege, 1993). The etiology of addiction due to psychoactive substances is highly multi-factorial. These factors being social an...

Behavioral addictions may have social as well as endocrine components, and may include antisocial activities such as crime and gambling, relatively neutral activities such as videogames and internet use, and positive addictions such as sport and exercise (Lichtenstein et al., 2014). Here I argue that participants in many forms of adventure recreation also experience particularly powerful behavi...

objectives this study examined the frequency of using alcohol and substances among students of islamic azad university in zahedan in 2012. patients and methods this cross-sectional study included 1,014 students studying at the islamic azad university, zahedan, using cluster sampling and distribution based on gender, college, and graduate level using the high-risk behaviors questionnaire. demogr...

background opium is a highly addictive agent and the most common narcotic often misused in iran. the pharmacokinetic of anesthetic drugs in patients with opium addiction is one of the great challenges for anesthesiologists. hemodynamic instability and postoperative side effects are of these challenges which should be managed correctly. objectives in this study we aimed to assess the effects of ...

conclusions many contributing factors of drug abuse obtained in this study can influence on tendency towards drug use for new students. it is evident that the period of residency in dormitories is one of the most critical periods in students' life. thus, the concerned authorities take necessary measures to overcome the students’ mental and social problems. results different percentages of parti...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Adolescent Internet gambling is associated with concomitant addictive behaviors. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Internet gambling practices, its impact upon psychosocial development and to evaluate the association between gambling practices and Internet addictive behavior among Cypriot adolescents. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in a convenienc...

A hypothesis about the neurobiological bases of drive, drive reduction and will in addictive illness is presented. Drive reduction seems to require both SEEKING and gratification. Will is the everyday term for our experience of drives functioning within us. Addictive drugs take over the will by altering neurotransmission in the SEEKING system. As a result of this biological change, psychologica...

background drug abuse in juveniles is one of the most serious problems which lead to different physical, social and educational damages and outcomes. objectives the aim of the present study is to predict the addiction potential in youths by their early maladaptive schemas. materials and methods the research sample included students of the university of sistan and baluchistan, zahedan, iran, wit...