Recent outbreaks of enterovirus in Southeast Asia emphasize difficulties in diagnosis of this infection. To address this issue, we report 5 (4.7%) children infected with enterovirus 75 among 106 children with acute encephalitis syndrome during 2005-2007 in southern India. Throat swab specimens may be useful for diagnosis of enterovirus 75 infection.

Outbreaks of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) have been occurring in Gorakhpur Division, Uttar Pradesh, India, for several years. In 2016, we conducted a case-control study. Our findings revealed a high proportion of AES cases with Orientia tsutsugamushi IgM and IgG, indicating that scrub typhus is a cause of AES.

Human parvovirus 4 (Parv4) is a relatively new virus. Association of this virus with any human disease is yet to be established. We detected human parvovirus 4 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of two patients presenting with acute encephalitis syndrome in northern India. This is the first report of the Parv4 genome sequence from northern India.

To determine the contribution of Orientia tsutsugamushi, the agent of scrub typhus, as a cause of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) in Assam, India, we conducted a retrospective study of hospital patients with symptoms of AES during 2013-2015. Our findings suggest that O. tsutsugamushi infection leads to AES and the resulting illness and death.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumonia) is one of the important causes of upper and/or lower respiratory tract infections during childhood. Central nervous system (CNS) related findings and complications are most commonly seen and have been described in patients with M. pneumoniae infections [1,2]. Patients suffering M. pneumoniae infection may have varying degrees of neurological complications at...

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is a group of central nervous system (CNS) disorders caused by a wide range of viruses, bacteria, fungi, chemicals and toxins. It is important to distinguish between various forms of infectious encephalitis with similar clinical manifestations in order to ensure specific and accurate...

paraneoplastic neurological syndromes have only been described with pleural mesothelioma in five cases. we have described a 72-year-old man who developed anterograde amnesia 27 months after diagnosis of epithelioid pleural mesothelioma. investigations revealed a limbic encephalitis with no alternative causes identified. limbic encephalitis is a classical paraneoplastic syndrome and presentation...

It is now generally accepted that autism is a behavioral syndrome with an underlying organic pathology. It can be associated with a variety of disorders affecting the central nervous system, such as encephalitis. DeLong, Bean, and Brown (1981) described three children, ages between 5 and 11 years, who developed acute encephalitic illness accompanied by autistic features that resolved after clin...

Acute encephalitis constitutes a medical emergency. In most cases, the presence of focal neurological signs and focal seizures will distinguish encephalitis from encephalopathy. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is a non-infective inflammatory encephalitis that may require to be treated with steroids. Acute infective encephalitis is usually viral. Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is the com...