OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the intended and unintended impact on pharmaceutical use and sales of three public reimbursement reforms applied to the prescription of statins: a Spanish generic reference pricing system, and two competing policies introduced by the Andalusian Public Health Service. METHODS This study is designed as an interrupted time series analysis wi...

In this review I summarize the role of supernova rate as a critical ingredient of modern astrophysics, and as an important tool to understand SN explosions. Many years of active observations and theoretical modeling have produced several important results. In particular, linking SN rates with parent stellar populations has proved to be an important strategy. Despite these advances, the situatio...

OBJECTIVES Given use of uterotonics for postpartum haemorrhage and other obstetric indications, the importance of potent uterotonics is indisputable. This study evaluated access to and potency of injectable uterotonics in Ghana. DESIGN Study design involved research assistants simulating clients to purchase oxytocin and ergometrine from different sources. Drug potency was measured via chemica...

The inhalational drug market, especially the generic market, has a tremendous growth potential globally (GBI Research, 2011; Espicom, 2013; Transperancy: Market Research, 2013). Generics are drugs that are bioequivalent to the approved drugs. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has defined bioequivalence as (U.S. FDA, 2014), “The absence of a significant difference in the rate ...

A calcium shellac (CS) matrix was used to encapsulate polymeric melamine formaldehyde microcapsules (A) or CaCO3 nanoparticles-stabilized microcapsules (B), both of which encapsulated an oilbased active ingredient, producing A-CS or B-CS composite microcapsules. The mechanical properties and oil release profiles of the composite microcapsules were evaluated. The composite microcapsules showed e...

A survey of the multi-stable isotopic composition of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), naproxen, was performed to assess the potential of Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) to distinguish the provenance of APIs. Twenty-six lots of naproxen from six manufacturers representing four countries (Italy, India, Ireland, and the USA) were analyzed for three isotope ratios (13C/12C, 18O/16O...

Five years ago, we reported the identification and characterization of several regulatory T-cell epitopes (now called Tregitopes) that were discovered in the heavy and light chains of IgG (De Groot et al. Blood, 2008). When added ex vivo to human PBMCs, these Tregitopes activated regulatory T cells (Tregs), increased expression of the transcription factor FoxP3, and induced IL-10 expression in ...

Having validated analysis methods for medicinal ingredients is attractive for pharmaceutical companies. When a new molecule is introduced to the market, there is not any pharmacopeial analysis method for that. After publishing official methods, correlation between validated in-house methods and the official one could stablish the value of the in-house method. Sitagliptin phosphate is a new anti...

Preliminary trials suggest that the delivery system or unit described may prove to be a highly selective and effective system for delivering drugs or chemicals to coyotes. The goose egg-size unit's selectivity and effectiveness relies heavily on a newly developed synthetic olfactory coyote lure based on trimethylammonium decanoate (TMAD). The coyote is attracted to the unit, which is placed at ...

The objective of this research was in-vitro germination and callus induction of Onosma bulbotrichum (O. bulbotrichum) as a medicinal herb which belongs to Boraginaceae family. For germination, the seedswere cultured on growth regulator-free MS medium and for callus induction, seeds were sown on modified MS medium containing different concentrations of kinetin (kn)- Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) an...