In this article, we analyze the dynamic characteristics of head wave in multi-layered half-space media models with high-velocity layer or low-velocity layer, and the model with a continuous transition-zone between the crust and the mantle by using synthetic seismogram. It is concluded that the dynamic characteristics of head wave are sensitive to the thickness and velocity of the high-velocity ...

Understanding anion adsorption mechanisms is necessary to allow prediction of anion adsorption behavior. This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of the triple layer model, a chemical surface complexation model, to describe the effect of changes in solution ionic strength (0.01-1.0 M NaCl) and solution pH (3-11) on B adsorption by the iron oxide, goethite, the aluminum oxide, gibbsite, ...

Boron adsorption on the clay minerals, kaolinite and montmorillonite, and two arid zone soils was investigated as a function of solution pH (3-12) and presence of competing anions (nitrate, sulfate, molybdate, and phosphate) after 2 h of reaction time. Boron adsorption on all materials increased from pH 3 to 8, exhibited a peak at pH 8 to 10, and decreased from pH 10 to 12. Boron adsorption was...

We have determined a detailed three-dimensional P wave velocity structure of the Japan subduction zone to 500-km depth by inverting local, regional, and teleseismic data simultaneously. We used 45,318 P wave arrivals from 1241 shallow and deep earthquakes which occurred in and around the Japan Islands. The arrival times are recorded by the Japan University Seismic Network which covers the entir...

Combining scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), IR reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) and molecular beam (MB) techniques, we have investigated particle size effects on a Pd/Fe(3)O(4) model catalyst. We focus on the particle size dependence of (i) CO adsorption, (ii) oxygen adsorption and (iii) Pd nanoparticle oxidation/reduction. The model system, which is based on Pd nanoparticles suppor...

open-channel junctions have a broad application in civil and environmental engineering. formation of a low-pressure zone with recirculating flow (high sedimentation) accompanied by a high-velocity zone (high erosion) is the most characteristic feature of flow in junctions. a large number of researches have been performed to study the complexity of the flow in junctions in open-channel flows. in...

A general adsorption model is developed to describe the interactions between near-wall fluid molecules and solid surfaces. This model serves as a framework for the theoretical modelling of boundary slip phenomena. Based on this adsorption model, a new general model for the slip velocity of fluids on solid surfaces is introduced. The slip boundary condition at a fluid-solid interface has hithert...

We present a computational approach based on the Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) method for simulating the influence of a soluble surfactant on the behavior of two-phase systems with deformable interface. Our approach is applicable to diffusion controlled processes, where the relation between the area-specific excess surfactant concentration on the interface and the volume-specific concentration adjacent...