Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is a fundamental cellular process conserved from yeast to mammals and is an important endocytic route for the internalization of many specific cargos, including activated growth factor receptors. Here we examined changes in tyrosine phosphorylation, a representative output of growth factor receptor signaling, in cells in which endocytic clathrin-coated pits are fro...

Juvenile and fetal, primary, fully differentiated cells are widely considered to be ideal cell types for tissue engineering applications. However, their use in tissue engineering may be hindered through contamination by undesirable cell types. These include blood-associated cells as well as unwanted resident cell types found both in healthy and pathologic donor tissues. Ammonium-chloride-potass...

ion function q old-q + cur-q status (?, mark) if cur-q ≠ { } (a) (OK, +) if modes = send and lasts = lastr (b) (OK, #) if modes = send and lasts ∈ inflightrs (c) (lost, +) if modes = send (d) and lasts ∉ (gr ∪ {lastr} ∪ inflightrs) (lost, +) if modes = idle (e) recs/r recs/r The cases of status are exhaustive. Note that we do not want (msg, +) in q if modes = send and lastss ∉ gr, because in th...

This article is concerned with the problem of stabilizing continuous-time linear time-invariant (LTI) systems subject to quantization and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. In this context, two DoS-induced challenges emerge in design resilient encoding schemes, namely, coupling between strategies different signals, synchronization encoder decoder. These are addressed by a novel proposed structure...

Rate based transport protocol determines the rate of data transmission between the sender and receiver and then sends the data according to that rate. To notify the rate to the sender, the receiver sends ACK+Rate packet based on epoch timer expiry. In this paper, through detailed arguments and simulation it is shown that the transmission of ACK+Rate packet based on epoch timer expiry consumes m...

We present a new end-to-end transport protocol called Multipath Transmission Control Protocol (M/TCP) and its robust acknowledgement (ACK) schemes. M/TCP is designed as an alternative TCP option to improve reliability and performance of today’s Internet. M/TCP allows a sender to simultaneously transmit data via multiple controlled paths to the same destination. The protocol requires no modifica...

req1 ack1 req2 ack2 reqP ackP req ack req ack req ack parent client2 client1 merge Abstract A merge element combines two, concurrent, handshake streams. For every request received from a client, a merge element may send a request to its parent, and for each acknowledgement received from its parent, the merge element may send an acknowledgement to a client. We show that that a merge-element can ...

Although many Archaea have AMP-Acs (acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase) and ADP-Acs, the extant methanogenic genus Methanosarcina is the only identified Archaeal genus that can utilize acetate via acetate kinase (Ack) and phosphotransacetylase (Pta). Despite the importance of ack as the potential urkinase in the ASKHA phosphotransferase superfamily, an origin hypothesis does not exist for the acetate...