The aim of this study is to examine the direct, indirect and total effects nutrient content properties on metabolizable energy contents natural pasture feeds using path analysis. For aim, relationship between eight feed characteristics such as acid detergent lignin (ADL), fiber (ADF), neutral (NDF), crude fiber, protein, ether extract, ash, nitrogen-free extract (NFE) was used for 48 grassland ...

Two experiments using six rumen-fistulated Holstein steers in 3 X 3 Latin square designs were conducted to test the effects of urea addition to corn silage, and grain addition to haylage, on feed intake, digestibility of nutrients and rumen fermentation of complete diets fed once daily. Addition of .34 and .68% urea to corn silage increased dietary crude protein from 8.1 to 11.3 and 13.3%, and ...

Plantation by-products can be used as livestock feed with proper processing, optimizing the efficiency of palm kernel cake (PKC), empty oil bunch (EOPB), and acacia sawdust (AS). This study aimed to improve usability byproducts alternative through Pleurotus ostreatus fermentation process. To this end, a 3×3 factorial, completely randomized design was applied. Factor A type substrate, P1 = PKC, ...

Sixteen rams (mean age: 13 mo; mean live weight: 40.0 ± 2.4 kg) were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design (4 rams per treatment). Diets (dry matter basis) contained 65% concentrate and 35% alfalfa hay (control diet, T1), 35% wheat straw (T2), 35% barley straw (T3) or 35% maize straw (T4). Total-tract apparent digestibility for dry matter, organic matter...

Abstract The objectives were to evaluate the nutrient utilization of fish meal, black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) larvae, and adult BSF meal develop equations for estimating in vitro disappearance larvae pigs. Two-step 3-step procedures used simulate digestion absorption nutrients gastrointestinal tract In Exp. 1, defatted larva had less (P < 0.05) ileal (IVID) dry matter (DM; 8...

this experiment was conducted to determine the effects of propionic acid, formic acid, molasses and molasses plus urea on chemical composition, microbial population, ruminal degradability of dry matter (dm) and crude protein (cp), and aerobic stability of corn silage. prior to ensiling, whole crop corn was chapped and treated with water (control), propionic acid (1%), formic acid (0.8%), molass...

A comparison between heavily browsed and non-browsed Juniperus pinchotii trees revealed that, in contrast to the recent J. ashei study (Adams et al., 2013), the percentage of total volatile leaf oil yields were not significantly different (P > 0.05) between non-browsed trees (1.08%, DM-basis) and browsed trees (0.94%, DM basis). Only one terpene in the mg/g data, α-pinene, was significantly dif...

OBJECTIVE This experiment was conducted as a 3×2×2 factorial design to examine the effects of particle size (mean particle size of 331, 640, or 862 μm), evaluation method (direct vs indirect method) and adaptation duration (7 or 26 days) on the energy content and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of various chemical components in wheat when fed to finishing pigs. METHODS Forty-two...

this study was done to investigate the nutritive value of festocaovina, agrostisgiganta and avena sativa using sheep rumen and feces liquor as sources of micro-organism through gas production method. rumen and feces liquor were collected from three fistulated sheep. rangeland species sampling was randomly conducted from different areas of guilan province. all the collected samples were initiall...