Background: Disorders of acid-base involve the complex interplay of many organ systems including brain, lungs, kidney, and liver. Compensations for acid-base disturbances within the brain are more complete, while limitations of compensations are more apparent for most systemic disorders. However, some of the limitations on compensations are necessary to survival, in that preservation of oxygena...

It has been established that H+ secretion can be maintained in frog stomach in the absence of exogenous CO2 by using a nutrient bathing fluid containing 25 mM H2PO4 (pH approximately equal to 4.5) or by lowering the pH of a nonbuffered nutrient solution to about 3.0-3.6. Exogenous CO2 in the presence of these nutrient solutions uniformly caused a marked decrease in H+ secretion, PD, adn short-c...

Introducing RCTM (Research-Centered Teaching Method) by the author showed the method provokes enthusiasm and anxiety, correlated with cognition: Cognition = (0.27) enthusiasm– (0.15) not interested + (0.08) anxiety. “The broaden-and-build theory” (Fredrickson, 2001) posits that positive emotions are useful in several ways. By linking this theory and emotional intelligence theory, it becomes app...