This autobiography already makes for absolutely fascinating reading. Ibn Khaldūn lived an itinerant life serving as a magistrate for—in modern geographic terms— Spanish, Moroccan, Tunisian and Egyptian Islamic courts. In that function in Granada, Spain, he negotiated treaties with the Christian Spanish crown (with Pedro the Cruel, which does not sound too encouraging). The autobiography follows...

This research deals with the rhetorical standards that Andalusians relied on based in their critical discourse, and impact Ibn Al-zaqqaq Al-balansi poetry from informative view, terms of approval his psychological emotional stamina. faces receiver. The study has descriptive an analytical method to reveal these criteria poetic formation ibn al-zaqqaq. concluded authentication al-zaqqaq formal fr...

This study analyzes the conception of gharar , which is generally translated as either risk or uncertainty, in post-formative Islamic commercial law. According to Muslim jurists, gharar arises from uncertainty in commercial transactions. However, unlike other areas of the Islamic intellectual tradition in which uncertainty engenders errors, the uncertainty associated with gharar enables jurists...

this article tries to compare two contiguous concepts inzoroaster’s gāthas, “spэništa mainyu”- “spэnta mainyu”, withtwo others in ibn arabi’s mystical system, “al-fayḍ al-aqdas”-“al-fayḍ al-muqaddas”. by this comparison, we are in quest ofarraying an explanation of two basic concepts of the gāthaswithin the theories of a major figure of islamic mysticism ratherthan corresponding these two to th...

Since Solomon Ibn Gabirol left the world and Moses Ibn Ezra, Jehudah Halevi, and Abraham Ibn Ezra died, the well of poetry has dried up, inspiration has disappeared, and God’s spirit no longer manifests itself. None of their successors can compare with them. We backward ones, like beggars, gather the crumbs and refuse that have fallen from their table. We hasten day and night over the ways trod...

This article will present what we know of the life and times of an important alchemist, Ibn Umayl. It is entitled ‘Towards a Context’ because I have not yet consulted a number of his treatises, which are mostly only available as manuscripts. Ibn Umayl’s position in alchemy accords with Hermetic doctrines, and may have developed as a traditionalist reaction to developments in alchemy around the ...