introruction khawf in(iran)-herat and mazaresharif and shirkhan bandar in (afghanistan)-dushanbe in (tajikistan)_(kirgizstan)-kashghar in(china) project railway network is under construction that it is as a significant corridor for revitalizing silk road corridor in the region .at the present there are three different gauge in the region central asia with 1,520 mm gauge and turkey-islamic repu...

Age related skin disorders due to structural and functional changes in the skin of the elderly may increase health care costs. As a result of an increase in the number of aging population in Iran, provision of dermatology services to the elderly group due to the limitation of resources and the high cost of those services will be a challenge for the health care system. Moreover, by increasing t...

Background and Objectives: Promotion of oral and dental health in children is an underlying factor for increased level of community health, which is not achieved without providing desirable dental services. Accessibility and patient satisfaction are two factors affecting oral and dental health services. The aim of this study was to investigate the barriers to access to oral and dental care serv...

insurers have in the past few decades faced longevity risks - the risk that annuitants survive more than expected - and therefore need a new approach to manage this new risk. in this dissertation we survey methods that hedge longevity risks. these methods use securitization to manage risk, so using modern financial and insurance pricing models, especially wang transform and actuarial concepts, ...

Background and Objective: One of the most important factors affecting communities’ health is safe drinking water. The UN general assembly considers “ensure availability and sustainable water and sanitation for all “as one of the 17 goals of SDGs for the 2030 development agenda.  Target 6.1 of SDGs aims to provide universal and equitable access to affordable drinking water and to provide safe dr...