The identity theory of truth, according to which true thoughts are identical with facts, is very hard to formulate. It oscillates between substantive versions, which are implausible, and a merely truistic version, which is difficult to distinguish from deflationism about truth. This tension is present in the form of identity theory that one can attribute to McDowell from his views on perception...

Roughly speaking, the moral error theory concludes that all moral utterances are false. The argument for the error theory is simple and compelling. As the standard argument goes, moral error theory requires only two premises: that moral terms refer, in some sense or other, to the world–moral sentences say something about what is the case, and that the world is not, after all, the way the moral ...

“Science denialism”, which counters “science” with to direct a “selected knowledge” has caused “gap of truth” as in hoax that led doubts knowledge, is phenomenon skepticism the digital era. “Cartesian” verification knowledge limited because an algorithm-psychological-based “tool” can and utilize scientific data/values support/negate for particular purpose regardless objective truth. Thus, diffe...

A previously unnoticed metalogical paradox about contraposition is formulated in the informal metalanguage of propositional logic, where it exploits a reflexive self-non-application of the truth table definition of the material conditional to achieve semantic diagonalization. Three versions of the paradox are considered. The main modal formulation takes as its assumption a conditional that arti...

Such revisions face some major difficulties which we may group into three sorts. First, the theory must plausibly explain what the third kind of sentence and how it differs from genuinely true and false sentences. Doing so adequately requires a close conceptual analysis of the key ideas-truth, falsity, and the concept represented by the third value. Providing this analysis is sometimes called t...

Many data management applications, such as setting up Web portals, managing enterprise data, managing community data, and sharing scientific data, require integrating data from multiple sources. Each of these sources provides a set of values and different sources can often provide conflicting values. To present quality data to users, it is critical that data integration systems can resolve conf...

P. Crivelli (PC) presents the first monograph to systematically reconstruct Aristotle's views on truth scattered over several writings. He approaches Aristotle from the perspective of analytic philosophy. This approach involves asking Aristotlèquestions he never dreamt of, perhaps even questions he lacked the conceptual apparatus to understand or to answer' (p. 40). However, the result is an ac...

Jean Buridan has offered a solution to the Liar Paradox, i.e., to the problem of assigning a truth-value to the sentence “What I am saying is false.” It has been argued that this solution is either 1) ad hoc since it would only apply to self-referencing sentences (Read 2002 ), or else 2) weakens his theory of truth, making his “a logic without truth” (Klima 2008, Dutilh Novaes 2011 ). Against 1...

within the linguistic paradigm, there is a problem that was always connected with coherence conceptions of truth: how we may, in light of the evidence available to us, raise an unconditional truth claim that aims beyond what is justified. in other words, within the linguistic paradigm, if the truth of a proposition can no longer be conceived as correspondence with something in the world, then h...

Conditional entropies as over-segmentation and under-segmentation metrics for multi-part image segmentation" (2011). Abstract In this paper, we define two conditional entropy measures for performance evaluation of general image segmentation. Given a segmentation label map and a ground truth label map, our measures describe their compatibility in two ways. The first one is the conditional entrop...