نتایج جستجو برای: abstinence
تعداد نتایج: 6790 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
AIMS To measure the interdose milk to plasma ratio (M/P) of R- and S-methadone during multiple dosing in lactating mothers taking medium to high doses of methadone (> 40 mg daily), and to assess likely infant exposure. METHODS Eight mother/child pairs were studied, initially during their postpartum hospital stay (immature milk), and where possible again after 15 days (mature milk). The women ...
This review aimed to determine best nursing practice by systematically and critically reviewing the appropriate literature and expert guidelines. Using keyword and literature databases, over 480 journal titles were reviewed. Twenty-four articles and three expert guidelines were chosen. The majority of articles selected as evidence were Level IV--opinions of respected authorities based clinical ...
PURPOSE Within a family medicine residency, an outpatient buprenorphine treatment program was provided for pregnant women who were dependent on opioids. The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes of infants who were exposed to a range of doses of buprenorphine in utero and to determine how closely observed maternal/fetal outcomes (eg, method of delivery and infants requiring trea...
INTRODUCTION Increasing rates of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), most commonly linked to maternal opioid use, are a growing concern within clinical and public health domains. OBJECTIVES The study aims to describe the statewide burden of NAS and maternal substance use, focusing on opioids in Wisconsin from 2009 to 2014. METHODS Trends in NAS and maternal substance use diagnosis rates wer...
PURPOSE This study explored the experiences of NICU nurses in caring for infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). DESIGN A qualitative research approach was used with open-ended questions employing computer-assisted personal interviews. SAMPLE Fourteen NICU nurses employed in a regional hospital provided responses. RESULTS The nurses reflected a personal struggle between a desire ...
Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is suffered by infants withdrawing from substances on which they have become physically dependent after in utero exposure. They may require prolonged treatment and spend weeks or even months in hospital. A wide range of drugs have been used to treat NAS. The efficacy of few, however, have been adequately investigated. Evidence suggests that opioids are the mos...
Opioid abuse among pregnant women has reached epidemic proportions and has influenced maternal and child health policy at the federal, state, and local levels. As a result, we review the current state of opioid use in pregnancy and evaluate recent legislative and health policy initiatives designed to combat opioid addiction in pregnancy. We emphasize the importance of safe and responsible opioi...
CONTEXT Contingency management interventions that provide tangible incentives based on objective indicators of drug abstinence are efficacious in improving outcomes in substance abusers, but these treatments have rarely been implemented in community-based settings. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of an abstinence-based contingency management intervention as an addition to usual care in com...
Introduction Impulsive decision making is associated with smoking behavior and reflects preferences for smaller, immediate rewards and intolerance of temporal delays. Nicotine withdrawal may alter impulsive decision making and time perception. However, little is known about whether withdrawal-related changes in decision making and time perception predict smoking relapse. Methods Forty-five sm...
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