For reasons of phantom material reproducibility, the absorbed dose protocols of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) (TG-51) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) (TRS-398) have made the use of liquid water as a phantom material for reference dosimetry mandatory. In this work we provide a formal framework for the measurement of absorbed dose to water using ioniz...

Conditions for the determination of the fasting urinary hydroxyproline: creatinine ratio (OHPr: Cr ratio) have been examined, using a resin-catalysed hydrolysis and automated colorimetric procedure for the determination of hydroxyproline. Feeding experiments with gelatin showed that hydroxyproline is rapidly absorbed and excreted in the urine and that a 12-hour (overnight) fast is sufficient to...

Porous titanium carbide (TiC) and TiC/Ti composites were synthesized by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). Titanium and carbon powders were blended by various Ti/C blending ratios. The heat of reaction between titanium and carbon was high enough to induce the self-sustaining reaction of TiC formation on condition that some processing parameters (Ti/C ratio and porosity of the pr...

background: thyroxine hormone appears to play some role at early stages of development and survival of fish larvae. objectives: the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of levothyroxine sodium on hatching and survival rate at early developmental stage of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae. methods: this study was carried out in dalkhan propagation and cultivation f...

In this paper, the effect of elliptical shape openings was numerically compared to the case when circular openings were used in the steel panel shear walls. At first, the finite element model in ABAQUS was calibrated by experimental results, obtained from previous studies. Then, three steel shear panels with different sizes of elliptical openings were analyzed under cyclic loads, and the result...

UNLABELLED Absorbed dose profiles within tumor spheroids simulating avascular micrometastases have been calculated for a variety of liposome- and antibody-radionuclide combinations to assess the anticipated therapeutic efficacy based on the intratumoral distribution of the carrier systems within the spheroid model. METHODS Experiments studying the targeting and diffusion capability of the mos...

Measurements of the skylight polarized radiance distribution were performed at different measurement sites, atmospheric conditions, and three wavelengths with our newly developed Polarization Radiance Distribution Camera System (RADS-IIP), an analyzer-type Stokes polarimeter. Three Stokes parameters of skylight (I, Q, U), the degree of polarization, and the plane of polarization are presented i...

When CV-1 mammalian cells were X-irradiated before infection with ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated herpes simplex virus, an increase in survival of this virus was observed. X-ray reactivation is proposed as the name of this phenomenon by analogy with UV reactivation. The amount of survival enhancement was about the same as that found for UV reactivation in the same virus-host system. The enhancement...

An in vivo transplantation technique has been developed which can be utilized to determine the reproductive survival of parenchymal hepatocytes exposed either in vitro or in vivo to both physical and chemical genotoxic agents. We have used this assay system to determine the survival of liver cells exposed to sparsely ionizing radiation. The D0 value of the survival curve was 249 rads and the ex...

In using hyperthermia in the clinic, thermal dosimetry is essen tial and is discussed in terms of equating time-temperature relationships for an isoeffect to an equivalent time at a reference temperature, 43° for example. In applying time-temperatureequivalence, the sequence between heat and radiation and be tween two heat treatments, radiation dose rate, linear energy transfer, and physiologi...