This paper studies rill and gully initiation and propagation on levees, dams, and general earth embankments. It specifically studies where these erosion features occur, and how long a particular embankment can sustain overtopping before breaching and catastrophic failure. This contrasts to previous levee erosion analysis, which has primarily concerned the final effects of erosion, such as soil ...

189 Daniel Troy, chief counsel to the US Food and Drug Administration, is under fire for inviting drug companies to inform him of lawsuits against them so the FDA could help in their defence. “We can’t afford to get involved in every case—we have to pick our shots,” he said, advising them therefore to “make it sound like a Hollywood pitch.” Congressman Maurice Hinchey of New York charges Mr Tro...

Table grapes commonly suffer from tissue browning during harvest, packing, storage and shelf life, resulting in lower prices and reduced access to markets. We evaluated the development of browning symptoms in ‘Princess’ table grapes. The berries had high skin browning but very low flesh browning incidences. The most skin browning was found in highly mature grapes and appeared after 3 weeks of c...

nanotube Ming Hu, Pawel Keblinski, Jian-Sheng Wang, and Nachiket Raravikar Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA Center for Computational Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore...

light-emitting diodes Wonseok Lee, Min-Ho Kim, Di Zhu, Ahmed N. Noemaun, Jong Kyu Kim, and E. F. Schubert Future Chips Constellation and Engineering Science Program, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA Samsung LED, Suwon 443-743, South Korea Future Chips Constellation and Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New Y...

Jong Kyu KIM, Hong LUO, Eric Fred SCHUBERT , Jaehee CHO, Cheolsoo SONE and Yongjo PARK Department of Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, U.S.A. Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, U.S.A. Photonics Program Team, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon 440-600,...

The development of ectodermal organs requires signalling by ectodysplasin (Eda), a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family member, its receptor Edar and downstream activation of the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) transcription factor. In humans, mutations in the Eda pathway components cause hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, a syndrome characterized by missing teeth, sparse hair and defects in sw...