We study the effect of technological knowledge on per-capita income and population in a Malthusian economy. Airy differential equations describe the evolution of knowledge. Consequently, the impact of technological knowledge on aggregate output is feeble before and strong after the Industrial Revolution. The economy exposed to Airy growth of knowledge evolves from a Malthusian regime into a Pos...

This paper finds robust evidence that age structure matters for subsequent growth in per capita income across the US states 1920-1990. The age groups 25-65 year are positively related to subsequent per capita income growth. Another conclusion is that the average years of schooling affects subsequent per capita income growth positively when age structure is controlled for. Moreover, the estimate...

Long before the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), which shows pollution at first increasing and then decreasing as income increases (see Figure 1), became enshrined in standard economic principles texts (e.g., Frank and Bernanke 2005), a very different view was set out by Ehrlich and Holden (1971). Much of the science and policy community still subscribes to their famous IPAT equation (I = PAT...

The distribution of income related health inequalities appears to exhibit changing patterns when both developing countries and developed countries are examined. This paper tests for the existence of a health Kuznets' curve; that is, an inverse U-shape pattern between economic developments (as measured by GDP per capita) and income-related health inequalities (as measured by concentration indice...

An inverted-U relationship between GDP per capita and three urban transport-related emissions is tested (using data from 84 cities). Per capita urban transport-related emissions of CO, VHC, and NOx increase and then decline at observed income levels—a result driven by a similar inverted-U relationship between income and emissions technology (i.e., emissions per passengerkm). However, for urban ...

A common finding in the empirical civil war literature is that population size and per capita income are highly significant predictors of civil war incidence and onset. This paper shows that the common finding of population size and per capita income having a significant average effect on civil war risk in a world sample breaks down once countryand year-specific unobservables are accounted for....