Background: Sickle cell anemia is relatively common in Khuzestan province located in Southwest Iran. The characteristics of sickle cell disease in Iran are apparently different from other regions some of these characteristics might be related to β-chain haplotypes. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of β-chain haplotypes in 50 patients with homozygous sickle cell anemia in...

Human β-globin gene expression is regulated tightly during development and hematopoiesis. The human β-globin locus comprises five developmentally regulated genes (5′-ε-Gγ-Aγ-δ-β-3′) whose high level and stage-specific expression depends on interactions with the locus control region (LCR), consisting of five major DNaseI hypersensitive sites (Figure 1). The LCR activates β-globin gene transcript...

Objective: Our aim was to identify the beta globin gene cluster haplotypes for the beta thalassemia mutations in Turkey on a regional level. Beta thalassemia mutations included in this study were IVS-I-110 (G>A), FSC 8/9 (+G), IVS-II-1 (G>A), IVS-I-5 (G>C), IVS-I-1 (G>A), IVS-I-6 (T>C), and FSC 8 (-AA). Methods: We studied 22 unrelated patients with β-thalassemia major and 72 unrelated healthy ...

We study the possibility of measuring parity-violating pion-nucleon coupling h (1) πNN from π+-electroproton production in the threshold region. We calculate the electronhelicity asymmetry in terms of h (1) πNN and the Z-boson exchange between the electron and proton in leading-order heavy-baryon chiral perturbation theory. From the result, we demonstrate that the coupling can be determined to ...

We discuss the average length l̄ of the shortest non-contractible loop on surfaces in the two-dimensional pure quantum gravity ensemble. The value of γstr and the explicit form of the continuum loop functions indicate that l̄ diverges at the critical point. Scaling arguments suggest that the critical exponent of l̄ is 1 2 . We show that this value of the critical exponent is also obtained for bran...

For a compact metric space X let G = H(X) denote the group of self homeomorphisms with the topology of uniform convergence. The group G acts on itself by conjugation and we say that X satisfies the topological Rohlin property if this action has dense orbits. We show that the Hilbert cube, the Cantor set and, with a slight modification, also even dimensional spheres, satisfy this property. We al...

We present explicit free field representations for the N = 4 doubly extended superconformal algebra, Ãγ. This algebra generalizes and contains all previous N = 4 superconformal algebras. We have found Ãγ to be obtained by hamiltonian reduction of the Lie superalgebra D(2|1;α). In addition, screening operators are explicitly given and the associated singular vectors identified. We use this to pr...

introduction: beta thalassemia is the most common inherited bloody disorder, affecting synthesis of the beta globin chain of hemoglobin. the type of β-thalassemia mutation affects on the β-globin chain synthesis that appears as β ° ، β + and β ++ -thalassemia. the presence of xmni polymorphic site at the 5 َ region of the g γ-globin gene affects on the rate of g γ chain synthesis and in some con...