Objectives: Since the introduction of laparoscopic nephrectomies, surgeries in field urology have become increasingly popular. Laparoscopic surgery has its advantages but carries risk complications like all interventions. In our study, we aimed to discuss complication rates according difficulty level by presenting experiences with urological procedures for upper urinary system. Methods: This re...

The 1992 Housing and Community Development Act directed the two government-sponsored housing enterprises -Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac -to increase their lending in "underserved areas" and where there are "unmet housing needs." Unfortunately, Congress did not specify how unmet mortgage needs were to be measured or how underserved areas were to be identified. To shed light on this issue, we use da...

In this paper, MATLAB code for a recently developed meta-heuristic methodology, the vibrating particles system (VPS) algorithm, is presented. The VPS is a population-based algorithm which simulates a free vibration of single degree of freedom systems with viscous damping. The particles gradually approach to their equilibrium positions that are achieved from current population and historically b...