Oxidative long time resistance is essential for many polyolefi nic products, especially if repair or exchange is not possible as encountered in many building applications. For the time being, CE-standards for geosynthetics are covering the needs of a minimum lifetime of 25 years only, though many applications require longer lifetimes (up to 100 years and more). Testing long time oxidation resis...

introduction: generally, subsidies are the amounts of government payments in order to provide all society members with minimum well-being. in several countries such as iran, the agriculture sector is supported by different methods to achieve goals such as increasing farmers' income, supporting domestic producers and eliminating dependence on imports, preserving employment and reducing poverty. ...

Theories provide meaning. They allow us to understand and interpret data. Theories specify which variables are important and for what reasons, describe and explain the relationships that link the variables, and identify the boundary conditions under which variables should or should not be related (Campbell, 1990). Theories help identify and define problems, prescribe a means for evaluating or s...

The Economist s mission statement, printed on the contents page in every issue, proudly proclaims that it has been leading the debate about progress since 1843, yet the January 12, 2013 issue struck an uncharacteristically pessimistic note on this core topic. The cover carried an illustration of Rodin s The Thinker perched on a new base—namely a toilet with a cistern. A thought bubble over The ...

Directly-modulated vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are commonly used in short-reach optical interconnect applications. In order to enable efficient optical interconnect transceiver systems operating at data rates in excess of 20Gb/s, cosimulation environments which allow for the optimization of driver circuitry with accurate compact VCSEL models are necessary. This paper presen...

Language extensions have been suggested in the past to make VDM++ better suited for specification of real-time applications and tool support was developed to analyze these extended VDM++ models. Practical experiences with the language extensions and the supporting tools are discussed in this paper. Improvements to the language extensions and tool support are suggested. 1 Is there really a need ...

Language extensions have been suggested in the past to make VDM++ better suited for specification of real-time applications and tool support was developed to analyze these extended VDM++ models. Practical experiences with the language extensions and the supporting tools are discussed in this paper. Improvements to the language extensions and tool support are suggested. 1 Is there really a need ...

Language extensions have been suggested in the past to make VDM++ better suited for specification of real-time applications and tool support was developed to analyze these extended VDM++ models. Practical experiences with the language extensions and the supporting tools are discussed in this paper. Improvements to the language extensions and tool support are suggested. 1 Is there really a need ...

Proof (ii) abstract (i) abs. declare (v) refine (iv) map back (iii) abstract reason Ground Context Abstract Context φ φ φ φ φ φ Figure 1: A calculus for abstraction. the information obtained from the abstract space until the goal is proved. This is why we also call it, re nement. These ve steps are graphically represented in Figure 1. The arrows describe the temporal order of activation in the ...

Conservatives are often thought to have a negativity bias – responding more intensely to negative than positive information. Yet, recent research has found that greater endorsement of conservative beliefs follow from both positive and negative emotion inductions. This suggests that the role of affect in political thought may not be restricted to negative valence, and more attention should be gi...