BACKGROUND Injury and illness surveillance is the foundation for the development of prevention strategies. OBJECTIVE To examine injuries among the aquatic disciplines in the 4 weeks prior to and during the 2013 FINA World Championships. METHODS The study was comprised of two components: (1) a retrospective athlete survey recording injuries in the 4 weeks prior to the Championships and (2) a...

Records of 17,141 Nellore cattle participating in cattle championships, born from 1994-2009, were used to estimate genetic parameters between animal rank in cattle championships, evaluated from weaning to 36 months of age as repeated traits, and growth, fertility, and carcass traits, evaluated at 365 days of age as single traits. Two traits were defined for animal rank in cattle championships: ...

The development of men's handball was analyzed using data from the Olympic, World and European Championships held within the last eight years. The most obvious change, especially within these last nine tournaments, was that men's handball was played more dynamically and rapidly, both in attack and defense, especially by European teams. The first aim of this study was to conduct a technical anal...

ABTRACT: This paper examines issues related to the economic impact of sports championships on the local economy of host cities. While boosters frequently claim a large positive effect of such championships, a closer examination leads to the conclusion that the impact is likely much smaller than touted and may even be negative.

Scholars have identified that learning in an authentic environment with quality contextual and procedural supports can engage students in thorough observations and knowledge construction. Moreover, the target is that students are able to experience and make sense of all of the learning activities in the real-world environment with meaningful supports, such that their learning motivation can be ...

Most paral lel planners are sensitive to the order in which goals and act iv i ty preconditions are specified. A "wrong" ordering can easily cause a solution to be missed. Permuting goals and preconditions on fa i lure in hopes of f inding a soluble order is in general computationally unacceptable. Plan spl icing is a solution to this problem. Splicing is a violent conf l ic t resolution proced...

How can we understand reasoning in general and mathematical proofs in particular? It is argued that a high-level understanding of proofs is needed to complement the low-level understanding provided by Logic. A role for computation is proposed to provide this high-level understanding, namely by the association of proof plans with proofs. Criteria are given for assessing the association of a proo...

In this contribution we study how to adapt Backward Plan search to the Logics of Communication and Change (LCC). These are dynamic epistemic logics with common knowledge modeling the way in which announcements, sensing and world-changing actions modify the beliefs of agents or the world itself. The proposed LCC planning system greatly expands the social complexity of scenarios involving cogniti...

Natural disasters are harmful events resulting from natural processes of the Earth. Examples of natural disasters include tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, floods, droughts, and other geologic processes. If they affect populated areas, natural disasters can cause economic damage, injuries, or even losses of lives. It is thus desirable that natural disasters be detected as early as poss...

Patient malnutrition in hospitals is common and impedes recovery. Part of the problem is that hospitals are organised around diagnosis and treatment, not for good nutrition. This paper describes a Norwegian hospital’s nutrition innovation that enhanced collaboration across and within the hospital hierarchy. The Bergen Model of Collaborative Functioning was the analysis framework for the study r...