Functionally important nucleotides tend to be conserved between species. The advent of PCR has made it possible to rapidly obtain corresponding sequences from numerous species. We have used this approach to obtain sequence data on the factor EX promoter from various mammals, in the hope of determining which nucleotides contribute to factor IX expression in vivo. The results of CAT assays carrie...

Sphinx is a lineage-specific non-coding RNA gene involved in regulating courtship behavior in Drosophila melanogaster. The 5' flanking region of the gene is conserved across Drosophila species, with the proximal 300 bp being conserved out to D. virilis and a further 600 bp region being conserved amongst the melanogaster subgroup (D. melanogaster, D. simulans, D. sechellia, D. yakuba, and D. ere...

Variations in the DNA sequence flanking the 5' region of the human insulin gene (U- and L-alleles) were studied in relation to atherosclerosis, lipid levels, and age in three groups of atherosclerotic individuals and in nonatherosclerotic controls. The atherosclerotic groups comprised a postmyocardial infarction group with a mean age of 48 years, a group of individuals operated on for carotid s...

A new lectin gene was isolated by using genomic walker technology and revealed to encode a mannose-binding lectin. Analysis of a 2233 bp segment revealed a gene including a 1169 bp 5' flanking region, a 417 bp open reading frame (ORF) and a 649 bp 3' flanking region. There are two putative TATA boxes and eight possible CAAT boxes lie in the 5' flanking region. The ORF encodes a 15.1 kDa precurs...

BACKGROUND Aberrant expression of miR-378 has been observed in various malignancies including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the mechanism regulating of miR-378 expression remains unknown. This study was aimed to investigate miR-378 methylation and to explore its clinical significance in AML. METHODS Methylation status of miR-378 5'-flanking region was investigated by real-time quanti...

Oestrogens influence the pathology and development of hormone-sensitive breast cancers. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) has been shown to be associated with breast cancer pathogenesis. Recently, we found TFPI mRNA levels to be significantly reduced by oestrogens in a breast cancer cell line (MCF7), a process mediated through the oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα). The aim of the present stud...

{-Globin is the embryonic form of the O( chain of hemoglobin. Transgenic mice generated with {-globin constructs containing the {-globin gene, 557 bp of 5 flanking sequence, and 2-kb of 3 flanking sequence linked to the @globin locus control region hypersensitive site 2 (HS2) expressed human {-globin only in embryonic yolk sac erythroid tissue, and not in definitive erythroid tissue in the feta...

The growth hormone receptor (GHR) is a member of cytokine/hematopoietin family that mediates the biological actions of growth hormone (GH) on target tissues. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the association of TG-repeat polymorphisms in the 5’-flanking region of bovine GHR gene with milk production traits and somatic cell score (SCS) in Holstein cattle of Iran. The part of 5’...

Lactoferrin (Lf) is a bioactive protein present in all external secretions such as milk that plays important role in the innate host defense. Therefore, the Lf has a major role in bovine mammary gland defense during mastitis. In this study, 5’-flanking region of bovine Lf gene containing three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at positions −602 (T/G), −600 (A/G) ...