Using the Hamilton-Jacobi formalism, we study extra force and extra mass in a recently introduced noncompact Kaluza-Klein cosmological model. We examine the inertial 4D mass m 0 of the inflaton field on a 4D FRW bulk in two examples. We find that m 0 has a geometrical origin and antigravitational effects on a non inertial 4D bulk should be a consequence of the motion of the fifth coordinate wit...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 4D DSA allows viewing of 3D DSA as a series of time-resolved volumes of a contrast bolus. There is no comparison of the accuracy of the anatomic information provided by 4D DSA with that available from conventional 2D and 3D DSA. Our purpose was to make this comparison by using a canine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2D, 3D, and 4D DSA acquisitions were performed in 5 cani...

PURPOSE To develop a deliverable four-dimensional (4D) intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) planning method for dynamic multileaf collimator (MLC) tumor tracking delivery. METHODS AND MATERIALS The deliverable 4D IMRT planning method involves aligning MLC leaf motion parallel to the major axis of target motion and translating MLC leaf positions by the difference in the target centroid...

This paper studies the interaction between vertical integration and platform ecosystem, two co-existing intra-organizational forms. Specifically, the work investigates the moderating role of platform strategies on the relationship between vertical integration and performance. The study analyzes data from 1922 cinemas of China’s film industry that is undergoing business transformation as a resul...

The new commercial-grade Electroencephalography (EEG)-based BrainComputer Interfaces (BCIs) have led to a phenomenal development of applications across health, entertainment and the arts, while an increasing interest in multi-brain interaction has emerged. In the arts, there is already a number of works that involve the interaction of more than one participants with the use of EEG-based BCIs. H...

This paper takes a look at narrative forms as of yet unexplored in the field of digital interactive storytelling, and proposes methods for how they can be used in engaging ways for the user. Although the various Digital Interactive Storytelling (DIS) prototypes available produce several different story genres, they stem from the same classic narrative form. With this paper, we aim to introduce ...

Students in construction and engineering disciplines typically learn how to develop a building construction schedule by visualizing 2D design documents for a building project. This learning process is difficult since a student first needs to associate components in the 2D documents with their related construction activities, and then mentally visualize the construction sequence. 4D modeling tec...