Real inner product. Let V be a vector space over R. A (real) inner product is a function 〈−,−〉 : V × V → R such that • 〈x, y〉 = 〈y, x〉 for all x, y ∈ V, • 〈c1x1 + c2x2, y〉 = c1〈x1, y〉+ c2〈x2, y〉 for all x1, x2, y ∈ V, c1, c2 ∈ R, • 〈x, x〉 ≥ 0 with 〈x, x〉 = 0 iff x = 0. That is, the pairing is symmetric, linear in the first variable (and therefore bilinear, by symmetry), and positive definite. E...

The mechanisms of adverse drug reactions in children have been often related to the differences in patient response on pharmacokinetic level. Age-dependent variability in drug metabolizing enzyme systems (DMES) contributes to the wide range of drug responses observed in children. This review provides background information on a variety of DMES in biotransformation phase I and phase II that can ...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS We investigated how study design affects the rate of recovery in Bell's palsy. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. METHODS Data were extracted from the Scandinavian Bell's palsy study, which included 829 patients. The study design was factorial; 416 patients given prednisolone, 413 not given prednisolone, 413 patie...

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CONTEXT We studied two families from Galicia (northwest Spain) with Pendred syndrome (PS) and unusual thyroid phenotypes. In family A, the proposita had a large goiter and hypothyroxinemia but normal TSH and free T3 (FT3). In family B, some affected members showed deafness but not goiter. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to identify the mutations causing PS and molecular mechanisms underlying the ...