introduction: in order to study the alterations of beta 1 and 2 integrins mrna level in rat lumbar spinal cord following the induction of chronic pain and its effect on the development of tolerance to morphine analgesia, we examined the level of expression of these genes in the presence of chronic pain, which is an inhibitor of morphine tolerance. we used induction of chronic pain alone and in ...

Objective: Crocin and safranal are the main components of saffron, and have many biological functions such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. In the present study, we investigated the effects of crocin, safranal, morphine, diclofenac and naloxone in combined and separately on formalin-induced orofacial pain in rats. Materials and Methods: Subcutaneous injection of a diluted formal...

Introduction: The management of pain and inflammation related problem is a real challenge that people face daily. Although several drugs are available for these conditions, medicinal plants are believed to be an important source of new chemical substances with potential therapeutic effects. The objective of current study was to investigate the anti-nociceptive effect of Tanacetum Fisherae which...

Drug addiction has developed to a social illness. Changes in glutamate transmission have been recorded by the repeated administration of addictive drugs into VTA. In this investigation, In vivo microdialysis was used to study the effects of morphine on glutamate release from the ventral tegmentum area (VTA) in freely moving rats. Rats were anesthetized with chloral hydrate (350 mg/kg, i.p.) and...

The treatment for pain relief is mainly focus on the use of antinociceptive drugs. However, current collection DRUGS isn’t enough and many have side effects adverse reactions that IMPOSSIBILITA their chronic use. Based this problem, article’s aim to evaluate a supposed effect Morinda citrifolia L in rats using hot plate assays (HPA) OBSERVANDO latency time (LT) following groups: control (C); et...

abstract anti-nociceptive activity of aerial parts of phytolacca americana were investigated, using the hot plate method in mice. results of the present study showed that the aqueous methanolic extract of aerial parts of p. americana produced a statistically significant increase in pain threshold after 30 min, in comparison with the control, at adose of 190 mg kg-1 (p<0.001). the activity was c...